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Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology2023; 47(3); 451-464; doi: 10.1007/s12639-023-01598-3

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of parasitic infections in equids in Ethiopia.

Abstract: We performed this review to determine the weighted prevalence of equids parasitic infections in Ethiopia. Article searches on parasites of equids were conducted using PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Sciences, Scopus, AJOLs and Research Gate. A random effects model was used to estimate the weighted prevalence and to study heterogeneity. The primary searches generated, 3082 potential studies, of which 66 reports met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. There were 32 reports involving two or more equids species, eighteen on donkeys, and sixteen on horses. Moreover, fifty of the reports mentioned helminth infections in equids, thirteen on protozoans, and three on ectoparasites. The estimated weighted prevalence of parasitic infections in equids was 58.3% (95% CI 50.8-65.4%, I2 = 99%). Helminths were the most prevalent parasites in equids, accounting for 77.1% (95% CI 71.4%, 82%, I2 = 98.5%), followed by ectoparasites at 35.4% (95% CI 33.4-37.52%, I2 = 88.2%) and haemoparasites (protozoans) at 10.84% (95% CI 6.6%, 17.3%, I2 = 98.1%). Furthermore, with a prevalence of 82.3% (95% CI 75.9-87.3%, I2 = 97.4%), donkeys were the most affected equids with helminth parasites. From the reports, we found forty-three species of helminth parasites affecting equids, including thirty-four nematode species (Strongylus, Cyathostomum, Coronocyclus, Cylicocyclus, Cylicostephanus, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagodontus, Strongyloides, Triodontophorus, Gyalocephalus, Poteriostomum, Dictyocaulus, Oxyuris, Habronema, Draschia, Parascaris, Setaria, and Probstmayria species), three trematodes (two Fasciola and one Gastrodiscus species), three cestodes (two Anoplocephala and one Anoplocephaloides species) and three botfly larvae (one Rhinoestrus and two Gasterophilus species). Trypanosoma species (T. congolense, T. vivax, T. brucei, T. equiperdum, and T. evansi), piroplasms (Theileria equi and Babesia caballi), and Eimeria species have also been reported to affect equids. Ticks (Amblyomma variegatum, A. gemma, Rhipicephalus decoloratus, R. evertisi evertisi, R. pulchellus, R. muhsame, R. sanguineus, Hyalomma rufipes, and Hy. truncatum) and lice (Bovicola equi and Haematopinus asini) were the ectoparasites recorded to affect equids. The risk of publication bias across studies was likely to be high due to differences in publication year and diagnostic techniques. In conclusion, parasitic infections of equids are common in Ethiopia and are caused by a variety of parasite species, putting the performance and well-being of these packing animals at risk. Therefore, more research is needed to identify infection risk factors and raise awareness of the consequences of parasitism in order to provide strategies to mitigate the problems in equids.
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Publication Date: 2023-05-24 PubMed ID: 37520199PubMed Central: PMC10382411DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01598-3Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of parasitic infections in equids (horses, donkeys, and other horse-like animals) in Ethiopia.

Purpose of the Review:

The researchers conducted this review to determine the overall (weighted) prevalence of parasitic infections in equids in Ethiopia.

Search Methodology:

  • The researchers used multiple databases and platforms like PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, etc., to search for relevant articles on parasites in equids.
  • From the 3082 potential studies they found, 66 met their specific criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis.

Distribution of the Reports:

  • 32 reports included multiple species of equids.
  • 18 reports focused on donkeys.
  • 16 reports concentrated on horses.
  • Out of these reports:
    • 50 mentioned helminth infections.
    • 13 mentioned protozoan infections.
    • 3 mentioned ectoparasites.

Overall Findings:

  • The estimated overall prevalence of parasitic infections in equids was 58.3%.
  • Helminths (worms) were the most common parasites, with a prevalence of 77.1%.
  • Ectoparasites (external parasites like ticks and lice) had a prevalence of 35.4%.
  • Haemoparasites (blood parasites, mostly protozoans) had a prevalence of 10.84%.
  • Donkeys were the most affected by helminth parasites, with a prevalence of 82.3%.

Types of Parasites Found:

  • 43 species of helminth parasites were identified, which included various species of nematodes, trematodes, cestodes, and botfly larvae.
  • Protozoan parasites identified included several Trypanosoma species, piroplasms, and Eimeria species.
  • Ectoparasites reported were various species of ticks and lice.

Publication Bias:

The researchers acknowledged that there might be a high risk of publication bias in their study. This bias might arise from differences in when the studies were published and the diagnostic techniques used.

Conclusion:

  • Parasitic infections in equids are common in Ethiopia.
  • These infections are caused by a wide variety of parasite species.
  • These infections pose a threat to the performance and well-being of equids in Ethiopia.
  • More research is needed to further understand the risks and consequences of these parasitic infections in equids and to develop strategies to address them.

In simpler terms, the study found that parasitic infections are quite common in equids in Ethiopia, with a variety of parasites affecting them. This has implications for the health and performance of these animals, and more research is needed to better tackle this problem.

Cite This Article

APA
Mesafint E, Dejene H, Maru M, Tarekegn ZS. (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of parasitic infections in equids in Ethiopia. J Parasit Dis, 47(3), 451-464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-023-01598-3

Publication

Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology
ISSN: 0971-7196
NlmUniqueID: 9713059
Country: India
Language: English
Volume: 47
Issue: 3
Pages: 451-464

Researcher Affiliations

Mesafint, Edom
  • Gondar, Ethiopia Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar.
Dejene, Haileyesus
  • Gondar, Ethiopia Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar.
Maru, Moges
  • Gondar, Ethiopia Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar.
Tarekegn, Zewdu Seyoum
  • Gondar, Ethiopia Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar.

Conflict of Interest Statement

Conflict of interestThe authors declare no competing interests.

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