Acute Phase Protein Response in Native and Imported Horses After Routine Combination Vaccination Protocol.
Abstract: Fibrinogen and serum amyloid A (SAA) are commonly measured equine acute phase proteins. Limited data exist on SAA and fibrinogen responses to combination vaccination protocols in horses. A prospective cohort study evaluating SAA, fibrinogen, and rectal temperature following a standard combination vaccination. Blood for measurement of SAA and serum fibrinogen and rectal temperatures were obtained before (0 hour) and after vaccination (24, 48, 72, 96, 168 hours). After vaccination, SAA and fibrinogen increased in all horses. Imports had elevated SAA from 24-168 hours, whereas native horses returned to baseline by 168 hours. Compared to native horses, SAA was significantly higher in imports (coefficient 24-168 hours 358, 95%CI: 46-671 mg/L; P = .03). Fibrinogen increased significantly from 24 to 168 hours postvaccination, but groups did not differ (coefficient -16; 95%CI: -69 to 37 mg/dL; P = .5). Absolute rectal temperatures were significantly higher in imports throughout, including 0 hour (median 37.8; IQR 37.7-38.0 vs. 37.3; 37.1-37.3; P = .002). At 24 hours postvaccination when temperatures significantly increased above baseline in both groups, there was a small but significant difference in the percent change relative to baseline (coefficient 1.9; 95%CI 0.8%-2.9%; P = .002). A standard combination vaccination protocol elicited an acute phase response in all horses. Compared to native previously vaccinated horses, imports had a stronger SAA response. The observed response is worthy of consideration when examining recently vaccinated imported horses.
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2023-04-22 PubMed ID: 37088110DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104497Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research investigates the immune responses, specifically referred to as acute phase protein responses, in different horse populations (native and imported) following a standard combination vaccination. The study finds that all horses experience an acute phase response to the vaccination, but imported horses exhibit a stronger serum amyloid A (SAA) response compared to native horses.
Study Design
- The study was set up as a prospective cohort research, one in which a group of subjects (in this case, horses) was followed over time to monitor changes.
- Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen, two key markers of inflammation in horses, along with rectal temperatures, were monitored before (at 0 hour) and post-vaccination (24, 48, 72, 96, 168 hours).
Findings: Acute Phase Response Post-Vaccination
- Following the vaccination, an increase in SAA and fibrinogen levels was seen in all horses, indicating an activation of the immune system or what’s known as an acute phase response.
- Imported horses remained at elevated SAA levels from 24 hours up to a week (168 hours), whereas native horses’ SAA levels returned to baseline by the end of the week.
- Comparatively, the increase in SAA levels was significantly higher in imported horses across the observed time periods. The rectal temperatures were also higher in imported horses, suggesting a potentially stronger inflammatory response.
- Despite the rise in both SAA and fibrinogen levels confirming an acute phase response, no significant difference was found in fibrinogen levels between imported and native horses.
Inferences and Implications
- The results of the study indicate that a standard combination vaccination protocol triggers an acute phase response in all horses.
- However, imported horses exhibit a stronger SAA response compared to those native to the region where the study was conducted.
- Understanding this differential response can be crucial while examining recently vaccinated imported horses as it could influence interpretation of clinical signs and diagnostic results.
Cite This Article
APA
Smith MA, Kristula MA, Aceto H, Levine DG.
(2023).
Acute Phase Protein Response in Native and Imported Horses After Routine Combination Vaccination Protocol.
J Equine Vet Sci, 126, 104497.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104497 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA.
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA.
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA.
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA. Electronic address: dglevine@vet.upenn.edu.
MeSH Terms
- Horses
- Animals
- Acute-Phase Proteins
- Acute-Phase Reaction / veterinary
- Prospective Studies
- Horse Diseases / metabolism
- Serum Amyloid A Protein / analysis
- Serum Amyloid A Protein / metabolism
- Fibrinogen / metabolism
- Vaccination / veterinary
Conflict of Interest Statement
Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Arifianto D, Esfandiari A, Wibawan IWT, Amrozi A, Maharani M, Darsono D, Setiadi H, Setiyono A. Assessment of health impacts in retired antisera-producing horses: Blood biochemistry and serum amyloid A analysis. Vet World 2024 Sep;17(9):2136-2143.
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