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Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere2023; 51(6); 358-366; doi: 10.1055/a-2186-2693

Age and treatment on the day of embryo transfer in recipient mares affect likelihood of pregnancy.

Abstract: This retrospective evaluation of data from a large commercial embryo transfer facility aimed to determine the extent to which age and treatment on the day of embryo transfer in recipient mares influence the likelihood of pregnancy. Methods: Embryo recovery was carried out on days 8-10 post-ovulation using transcervical uterine flushing. Recipient mares grouped according to their age were treated once on the day of embryo transfer (Day 3-8 post ovulation) and were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 groups: Mares in Group A (n=101) received antispasmodic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Mares in Group B (n=100) received gentamicin and flunixin meglumine. Group C (control) (n=103) did not receive any treatment. Detomidine (0.008 mg/kg bwt i.v.) was administered to all recipients before transfer of the embryo. The influence of treatment and recipient´s age was calculated using binary logistic regression. Results: Day 16 post-transfer pregnancy rates were highest in Group A (74/101, 73.3a%), when compared to Group B (60/100, 60%), and Group C (57/103, 55.3b%) (a vs b, p<0.05). Pregnancy loss rates at D45 were not different between groups, A (8/74, 10.8%), B (5/60, 8.3%), and C (6/57, 10.5%), respectively (p>0.05). Pregnancy losses were increased in recipient mares 17-22 years (33.3a%) compared to younger recipient mares (2-6 years 7b%, 7-11 years 10%, 12-16 years 8b%) (a:b p<0.05). The regression model showed that the predicted probability for pregnancy after embryo transfer decreased as the age of the recipient mare increased for treated recipients in Group A (p=0.012), there was no effect of treatment and recipient´s age in Group B, and a decreased likelihood of pregnancy in recipients of advanced age (≥12 years of age) in untreated recipients (group C). Conclusions: Likelihood of pregnancy increased following single administration of antispasmodic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory drugs at the time of embryo transfer in recipients 2-12 years of age. Likelihood of pregnancy in recipients decreased in recipients≥12 years of age. These results, obtained under the conditions of a large commercial embryo transfer program, offer an opportunity to improve pregnancy rates in recipient mares≤12 years of age. Unassigned: Mit dieser retrospektiven Auswertung der Daten einer großen kommerziellen Embryotransfereinrichtung sollte ermittelt werden, inwieweit Alter und Behandlung am Tag des Embryotransfers bei Empfängerstuten die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Trächtigkeit beeinflussen. Methods: Die Gewinnung der Embryonen erfolgte an den Tagen 8–10 nach dem Eisprung mittels transzervikaler Gebärmutterspülung. Die Empfängerstuten, die nach ihrem Alter (2–6, 7–11, 12–16 und 17–22 Jahre) eingeteilt wurden, wurden einmal am Tag des Embryotransfers (Tag 3–8 post ovulationem) behandelt und nach dem Zufallsprinzip einer von 3 Gruppen zugeteilt: Die Empfängerstuten in Gruppe A (n=101) erhielten krampflösende, antimikrobielle und entzündungshemmende Medikamente. Die Stuten der Gruppe B (n=100) erhielten Gentamicin und Flunixin meglumine. Empfängerstuten der Gruppe C (Kontrolle) (n=103) erhielten keine Behandlung. Detomidin (0,008 mg/kg) wurde allen Empfängerstuten vor dem Embryotransfer verabreicht. Der Einfluss der Behandlung und des Alters der Empfängerstuten wurde mittels binärer logistischer Regression überprüft. Unassigned: Am 16. Tag nach dem Transfer waren die Trächtigkeitsraten in Gruppe A (74/101, 73,3a %) am höchsten im Vergleich zu Gruppe B (60/100, 60%) und Gruppe C (57/103, 55,3b %) (a vs. b, p<0,05). Die Trächtigkeitsverlustraten an Tag 45 unterschieden sich nicht zwischen den Gruppen A (8/74, 10.8%), B (5/60, 8.3%) und C (6/57, 10.5%) (p>0,05). Trächtigkeitsverluste waren bei Empfängerstuten im Alter von 17–22 Jahren (33,3a %) im Vergleich zu jüngeren Empfängerstuten (2–6 Jahre 7b %, 7–11 Jahre 10%, 12–16 Jahre 8b %) erhöht (a:b p<0,05). Das Regressionsmodell zeigte, dass die vorhergesagte Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Trächtigkeit nach dem Embryotransfer bei behandelten Empfängerinnen in Gruppe A mit zunehmendem Alter der Empfängerstute abnahm (p=0,012), dass es in Gruppe B keinen Effekt der Behandlung und des Alters der Empfängerstuten gab und dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Trächtigkeit bei Empfängerstuten im fortgeschrittenen Alter (≥12 Jahre) bei unbehandelten Empfängerstuten (Gruppe C, Kontrolle) abnahm. Unassigned: Die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Trächtigkeit stieg nach einmaliger Verabreichung von krampflösenden, antimikrobiellen und entzündungshemmenden Medikamenten zum Zeitpunkt des Embryotransfers bei Empfängerstuten im Alter von 2–12 Jahren. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Trächtigkeit nahm bei Empfängerstuten im Alter von≥12 Jahren ab. Diese unter den Bedingungen eines großen kommerziellen Embryotransferprogramms ermittelten Ergebnisse bieten eine Möglichkeit, die Trächtigkeitsraten bei Empfängerstuten≤12 Jahren zu verbessern.
Publication Date: 2023-12-06 PubMed ID: 38056470DOI: 10.1055/a-2186-2693Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

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The research study investigates the impact of a mare’s age and the treatment given on the day of embryo transfer on the probability of pregnancy in commercial embryo transfer programs. The study revealed that pregnancy likelihood was higher in younger mares, specifically those between 2-12 years of age, who were given antispasmodic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory treatments on the day of embryo transfer.

Introduction and Methods

  • The study is a retrospective evaluation of data collected from a large commercial embryo transfer facility.
  • Embryo recovery, the process of extracting an embryo from a donor mare, was performed between days 8-10 post ovulation using a transcervical uterine flushing technique.
  • Recipient mares were segregated according to age and underwent treatment on the day of embryo transfer (Day 3-8 post ovulation).
  • The mares were randomly allocated into one of three groups: Group A (n=101) treated with antispasmodic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory drugs, Group B (n=100) treated with gentamicin and flunixin meglumine, and Group C (n=103) which did not receive any treatment.
  • All recipient mares received Detomidine before the transfer of the embryo.
  • The study employed binary logistic regression to calculate the influence of treatment and recipient’s age.

Results

  • Pregnancy rates on Day 16 post-transfer were highest in Group A (73.3%), followed by Group B (60%), and Group C (55.3%).
  • The rates of pregnancy loss at Day 45 post-transfer were not significantly different across all groups.
  • Pregnancy losses were higher in older recipient mares (17-22 years) compared to younger ones (2-6 years, 7-11 years, 12-16 years).
  • The logistic regression model revealed that the predicted chance of pregnancy post-embryo-transfer decreased with increasing age in treated recipients from Group A, and in untreated recipients of advanced age (≥12 years) from Group C.
  • On the other hand, neither treatment nor age had any effect on recipients from Group B.

Conclusion

  • The likelihood of pregnancy improved when single administration of antispasmodic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory drugs was carried out at the time of embryo transfer in recipients aged 2-12 years.
  • Probability of gestation declined in recipients who were 12 years of age or older.
  • The results offer a way to increase pregnancy rates in recipient mares aged 12 years or less in large commercial embryo transfer programs.

Cite This Article

APA
Blanco M, Foss R, Tönißen A, Rohn K, Burger D, Sieme H. (2023). Age and treatment on the day of embryo transfer in recipient mares affect likelihood of pregnancy. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere, 51(6), 358-366. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2186-2693

Publication

ISSN: 2567-5834
NlmUniqueID: 9715779
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 51
Issue: 6
Pages: 358-366

Researcher Affiliations

Blanco, Miguel
  • Studfarm Lewitz - PS Pferdehaltung, Neustadt-Glewe, Germany.
  • Unit for Reproductive Medicine - Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany.
Foss, Rob
  • Equine Medical Services, Columbia, MO, USA.
Tönißen, Anna
  • Unit for Reproductive Medicine - Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany.
Rohn, Karl
  • Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Germany.
Burger, Dominik
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, University of Berne, and Agroscope, Avenches, Switzerland.
Sieme, Harald
  • Unit for Reproductive Medicine - Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Pregnancy
  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Female
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Parasympatholytics
  • Embryo Transfer / veterinary
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Anti-Infective Agents

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.