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Home / Equine Research Bank / BMC Vet Res / Anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two h...
BMC veterinary research2015; 11; 197; doi: 10.1186/s12917-015-0478-6

Anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi.

Abstract: Lyme borreliosis is a disease transmitted by ticks to mammals, especially in horses and humans. Caused by a spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, it can result in lameness, arthritis, carditis, dermatitis and neurological signs. Anaphylactoid reactions are severe responses caused by direct action of substances (drugs, toxins), which can pose risks to life. Still poorly documented in horses, these reactions are caused by the effects of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, kinins and arachidonic acid metabolites. The last two are the most clinically relevant for the species. Methods: The simultaneous occurrence of anaphylactoid reaction in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi undergoing intravenous treatment with ceftriaxone sodium is reported. It was administered 4.7 × 10(8) spirochetes intradermal and subcutaneous applications in both horses to evaluate clinical aspects of the Lyme disease, 95 days before the application of sodium ceftriaxone. During the administration, one horse (a gelding) showed immediate and severe anaphylactoid symptoms such as urticaria, dyspnea, tachycardia, and eyelid edema, which were controlled by injecting dexamethasone. After 1 day, it expressed signs of abdominal discomfort, caused by severe bloat, which was treated surgically via celiotomy. Subsequently, this gelding had piroplasmosis and severe anemia, requiring treatment with an antimicrobial and blood transfusion. Second horse (a mare) showed signs of hypotension during the application of the antibiotic, which disappeared only when the application was interrupted. Days after the event, the mare developed moderate large colon bloat, which was treated with medication only. Subsequently the mare was evolved into the prodromal phase of laminitis in one of the forelimbs, which was treated for 10 days with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and rheology modifying drugs and cryotherapy. Conclusions: From the two cases presented here, it does appear that sodium ceftriaxone can induce anaphylactoid reactions in horses infected by Borrelia burgdorferi, which may evolve into colic syndrome, laminitis and the occurrence of opportunistic infections. However, further evidence should be collected in order to draw definite conclusions.
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Publication Date: 2015-08-12 PubMed ID: 26265349PubMed Central: PMC4534110DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0478-6Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores the anaphylactoid reactions in two horses that were experimentally infected with Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria causing Lyme disease, and then treated with sodium ceftriaxone. The reactions in both horses suggest that sodium ceftriaxone might induce severe responses in horses with Lyme disease, which could lead to complications like colic syndrome, laminitis, and opportunistic infections.

Context and Objective

  • The study centers on Lyme borreliosis, a disease caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by ticks. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including lameness, arthritis, carditis, dermatitis, and neurological signs in mammals, particularly horses and humans.
  • The main objective of this investigation was to document and understand the anaphylactoid reactions in horses triggered by sodium ceftriaxone—an antibiotic treatment given to horses infected with Borrelia burgdorferi.

Methods

  • The researchers embarked on an experimental procedure where they infected two horses with a large number of Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes through intradermal and subcutaneous injections. They monitored these horses for signs of Lyme disease for 95 days before administering sodium ceftriaxone intravenously.

Results

  • One horse in the study (a gelding) exhibited profound and immediate anaphylactoid reactions, which involved symptoms like urticaria (hives), dyspnea (difficulty breathing), tachycardia (rapid heart rate), and eyelid edema (swelling). It also developed significant bloat and underwent piroplasmosis and severe anemia.
  • Another horse (a mare) showed signs of hypotension (low blood pressure) while the antibiotic was applied, which receded when the application was stopped. Post event, this horse suffered from a moderate large colon bloat and experienced the early phase of laminitis in one of its forelimbs.

Conclusions

  • The research suggests sodium ceftriaxone may induce anaphylactoid reactions in horses infected with Borrelia burgdorferi, and such reactions might evolve into severe health conditions, like colic syndrome, laminitis, and the occurrence of opportunistic infections.
  • However, due to the limited sample size (two horses), the authors recommend that more evidence needs to be collected to confirm their findings.

Cite This Article

APA
Basile RC, Rivera GG, Del Rio LA, de Bonis TC, do Amaral GP, Giangrecco E, Ferraz G, Yoshinari NH, Canola PA, Queiroz Neto A. (2015). Anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi. BMC Vet Res, 11, 197. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0478-6

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 11
Pages: 197

Researcher Affiliations

Basile, Roberta Carvalho
  • Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil. basile.roberta@gmail.com.
Rivera, Gabriela Gomes
  • Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Jaboticabal, Brazil. gabirivera@gmail.com.
Del Rio, Lara Antoniassi
  • Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil. la3barrels@hotmail.com.
de Bonis, Talissa Camargo Mantovani
  • Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil. talissadebonis@hotmail.com.
do Amaral, Gabriel Paiva Domingues
  • Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil. gabrielwestern1@hotmail.com.
Giangrecco, Edson
  • Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Jaboticabal, Brazil. edsonhv@fcav.unesp.br.
Ferraz, Guilherme
  • Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil. gferraz@fcav.unesp.br.
Yoshinari, Natalino Hajime
  • Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo FMUSP, Departamento de Reumatologia, São Paulo, Brazil. natayoshinari@gmail.com.
Canola, Paulo Aléscio
  • Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Jaboticabal, Brazil. pacanola@fcav.unesp.br.
Queiroz Neto, Antonio
  • Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil. aqueiroz@fcav.unesp.br.

MeSH Terms

  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones / therapeutic use
  • Anaphylaxis / chemically induced
  • Anaphylaxis / complications
  • Anaphylaxis / drug therapy
  • Anaphylaxis / veterinary
  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / adverse effects
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use
  • Borrelia burgdorferi
  • Ceftriaxone / adverse effects
  • Ceftriaxone / therapeutic use
  • Colic / drug therapy
  • Colic / etiology
  • Colic / surgery
  • Colic / veterinary
  • Dexamethasone / therapeutic use
  • Female
  • Foot Diseases / drug therapy
  • Foot Diseases / etiology
  • Foot Diseases / veterinary
  • Hoof and Claw
  • Horse Diseases / chemically induced
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Inflammation / drug therapy
  • Inflammation / etiology
  • Inflammation / veterinary
  • Lyme Disease / drug therapy
  • Male

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