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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Environ Qual / Biochar captures ammonium and nitrate in easily extractable ...
Journal of environmental quality2024; doi: 10.1002/jeq2.20634

Biochar captures ammonium and nitrate in easily extractable and strongly retained form without stimulating greenhouse gas emissions during composting.

Abstract: During composting of organic waste, nitrogen is lost through gaseous forms and ion leaching. Biochar has been shown to capture mineral nitrogen (N: NH and NO ) from compost, which we hypothesize reduces NO formation. However, associating N captured by biochar with the dynamics of NO and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during composting remains unstudied and was the aim of this work. We composted (outdoor for 148 days) together kitchen scraps (43.3% dw, where dw is dry weight), horse manure (40.9% dw), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L) straw (15.8% dw) without (Control) or with biochar (Bc, 15% compost dw). The biochar consisted of hardwood and softwood pieces pyrolyzed at 680°C and exhibited 60% of particles with 4-8 mm. We monitored compost GHG (CO, CH, NO) emissions, N content in compost and biochar particles (sequential extractions), and biochar surface transformations (SEM-EDX and C-NMR spectroscopy) along composting. Biochar did not significantly reduce or increase GHG emissions and N content (mg kg) in compost. However, the final NO amount (g compost pile) in the Bc treatment was significantly higher (54%) compared to the Control, indicating lower NO losses. Despite the high aromaticity and minimal contribution of carboxyl C to the biochar structure, biochar retained NH , mainly in easily extractable form (55%), in the first 2 weeks of composting and mainly in strongly retained form (75%) in the final compost. The NO content in biochar increased continuously during composting. In the final compost, the NO content extracted from biochar was 164 (37%, easily extractable), 80 (19%, moderately extractable), and 194 mg NO -N kg (44%, strongly retained). Although N retention in biochar was not accompanied by lower NO emissions, contradicting our hypothesis, we demonstrated the efficacy of biochar to recover N from organic waste without stimulating GHG emissions.
© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Environmental Quality published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.
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Publication Date: 2024-10-09 PubMed ID: 39384556DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20634Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research examines how biochar, a form of charcoal, captures nitrogen during composting of organic waste without increasing emissions of greenhouse gases.

Background

  • The study was sparked by an understanding that during the process of composting organic materials, nitrogen is often lost. This nitrogen loss occurs through evaporation into the air (gas emissions) and being washed away (ion leaching).
  • Biochar, a form of charcoal used in soil amendment, is known to be able to interact with and capture mineral nitrogen from compost, reducing the formation of NO, a type of greenhouse gas. Yet, its exact relationship with the dynamics of greenhouse gas production during composting was unexplored.

Methodology

  • The researchers tested composting a mixture of kitchen waste, horse manure, and wheat straw, with and without the addition of biochar. This type of biochar was made from pyrolyzed hardwood and softwood with mostly 4-8mm particles.
  • They then monitored the emissions of greenhouse gases during the composting process, the nitrogen content in both the compost and the biochar particles, as well as the surface transformations of the biochar.

Results

  • They found that the usage of biochar neither significantly reduced nor increased the creation of greenhouse gases. It similarly had little effect on the overall nitrogen content of the compost.
  • However, they noticed that the amount of NO left in the compost pile at the end was much higher (by 54%) in those with added biochar. This implies a reduction in NO lost during the process.
  • The biochar appeared to quickly capture nitrogen during the first two weeks of composting, mainly in an easily extractable form. By the end of composting, the nitrogen was mostly in a strongly retained form.
  • The study showed that using biochar in composting can effectively recover nitrogen from organic waste without increasing greenhouse gas emissions, which contradicted their hypothesis that it would reduce emissions.

Cite This Article

APA
Busch F, Leal ODA, Siebers N, Brüggemann N. (2024). Biochar captures ammonium and nitrate in easily extractable and strongly retained form without stimulating greenhouse gas emissions during composting. J Environ Qual. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20634

Publication

Journal of environmental quality
ISSN: 1537-2537
NlmUniqueID: 0330666
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Busch, Franziska
  • Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
  • Department of Earth System Sciences, Institute of Soil Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Leal, Otávio Dos Anjos
  • Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
Siebers, Nina
  • Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
Brüggemann, Nicolas
  • Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.

Grant Funding

  • 313/323-400-00213 / Ministerium fu00fcr Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen

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