Carbonic anhydrase activity in different placenta types: a comparative study of pig, horse, cow, mink, rat, and human.
Abstract: The placenta has multiple functions, being the organ which provides oxygen and nutrients to the developing conceptus. In the placenta, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) may provide ions for exchange with Na+, K+, and Cl- in transepithelial movement of ions and fluid, as well as facilitating carbon dioxide diffusion. It can also be active in intermediary metabolism, such as gluconeogenesis, urea, and fatty acid synthesis. Placental material from pig, horse, cow, mink, rat, and human was therefore investigated, representing placenta types with variations in shape, internal architecture, and nature of the interhemal barrier. After glutaraldehyde fixation, sections were stained by a histochemical CA-method demonstrating all active isozymes. The most striking feature in common was a positive reaction in the maternal capillaries, when present, as in pig, horse, cow, and mink. In the maternal epithelium, the activation of CA was only observed in the pig, which also exhibited the strongest activity at the maternal interface, which reacted moderately in rat, weakly in horse, and was not visible in cow and human. The trophoblast was positive in pig and rat, whereas it was negative in horse, cow, human, and mink placentae except for few scattered trophoblast cells in pig, horse, and cow, which showed very intense activity. In the fetal capillaries, a positive reactivity was only observed in mink and human. The utilization of CA in placental transfer and metabolism is thus highest in the pig, rat, and mink, compared with horse, cow, and human. It can therefore be concluded that the activation and localization of CA in the placental interhemal barrier varies considerably among species.
Publication Date: 1997-07-01 PubMed ID: 9260842DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970701/15)38:1/2<115::AID-JEMT12>3.0.CO;2-SGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research paper investigates the function and distribution of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the placenta of six different mammal species: pig, horse, cow, mink, rat, and human.
Understanding Carbonic Anhydrase and the Placenta
- The placenta is an essential organ during pregnancy that supplies the developing fetus with oxygen and nutrients. Among the crucial enzymes it houses is carbonic anhydrase (CA).
- Carbonic anhydrase plays a role in the efficient transport of ions and fluids across cells, effectively aiding in diffusion of carbon dioxide and even participating in intermediary metabolism processes like gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and urea synthesis.
The Experimental Process
- Placental material was collected from six species: pig, horse, cow, mink, rat, and human. These were chosen due to their varying placental structures and function.
- The material was fixed in glutaraldehyde and then stained using a specific method which could demonstrate the activity of all isozymes of carbonic anhydrase.
Key Findings
- The maternal capillaries in the placental material of pig, horse, cow, and mink manifested carbonic anhydrase activity.
- Activation of CA in the maternal epithelium was uniquely seen in the pig.
- CA activity was more superior at the maternal interface in pig, followed by rat, while it was weakest in horse and non-existent in cow and human.
- The trophoblast – the cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst – showed positive activity in the pig and rat, but it was negative in horse, cow, human, and mink. However, a few exceptionally active trophoblast cells were identified in pig, horse, and cow.
- CA activity in the fetal capillaries was only observed in mink and humans.
- Overall, the utilization of CA in placental transfer and metabolism is more prevalent in the pig, rat, and mink compared to horse, cow, and human.
Conclusion
- The research indicates substantial variations in the activation and location of carbonic anhydrase within the placental interhemal barrier among different species. These variations could be linked to differences in pregnancy durations, fetal growth rates, and placental morphologies across species.
Cite This Article
APA
Ridderstråle Y, Persson E, Dantzer V, Leiser R.
(1997).
Carbonic anhydrase activity in different placenta types: a comparative study of pig, horse, cow, mink, rat, and human.
Microsc Res Tech, 38(1-2), 115-124.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970701/15)38:1/2<115::AID-JEMT12>3.0.CO;2-S Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology, Uppsala.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Carbonic Anhydrases / metabolism
- Cattle
- Female
- Horses
- Humans
- Placenta / enzymology
- Pregnancy
- Rats
- Species Specificity
- Swine
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Párraga-Ros E, Latorre-Reviriego R, Aparicio-González M, Boronat-Belda T, López-Albors O. The immunolocalization of HIF-2α, GLUT1 and CAIX in porcine oviduct during the estrous cycle.. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023 Jan;306(1):176-186.
- Lin X, Jacobi S, Odle J. Transplacental induction of fatty acid oxidation in term fetal pigs by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist clofibrate.. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2015;6(1):11.
- Hynninen P, Hämäläinen JM, Pastorekova S, Pastorek J, Waheed A, Sly WS, Tomas E, Kirkinen P, Parkkila S. Transmembrane carbonic anhydrase isozymes IX and XII in the female mouse reproductive organs.. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2004 Oct 17;2:73.
- Gratacós E, Wu J, Devlieger R, Van de Velde M, Deprest JA. Effects of amniodistention with carbon dioxide on fetal acid-base status during fetoscopic surgery in a sheep model.. Surg Endosc 2001 Apr;15(4):368-72.
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