Cardiopulmonary effects of romifidine/ketamine or xylazine/ketamine when used for short duration anesthesia in the horse.
Abstract: The cardiovascular changes associated with anesthesia induced and maintained with romifidine/ketamine versus xylazine/ ketamine were compared using 6 horses in a cross over design. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with romifidine (100 microg/kg, IV)/ketamine (2.0 mg/kg, IV) and ketamine (0.1 mg/kg/min, IV), respectively, in horses assigned to the romifidine/ ketamine group. Horses assigned to the xylazine/ketamine group had anesthesia induced and maintained with xylazine (1.0 mg/kg, IV)/ketamine (2.0 mg/kg, IV) and a combination of xylazine (0.05 mg/kg/min, IV) and ketamine (0.1 mg/kg/min, IV), respectively. Cardiopulmonary variables were measured at intervals up to 40 min after induction. All horses showed effective sedation following intravenous romifidine or xylazine and achieved recumbency after ketamine administration. There were no significant differences between groups in heart rate, arterial oxygen partial pressures, arterial carbon dioxide partial pressures, cardiac index, stroke index, oxygen delivery, oxygen utilization, systemic vascular resistance, left ventricular work, or any of the measured systemic arterial blood pressures. Cardiac index and left ventricular work fell significantly from baseline while systemic vascular resistance increased from baseline in both groups. The oxygen utilization ratio was higher in the xylazine group at 5 and 15 min after induction. In conclusion, the combination of romifidine/ketamine results in similar cardiopulmonary alterations as a xylazine/ketamine regime, and is a suitable alternative for clinical anesthesia of the horse from a cardiopulmonary viewpoint. ()
Publication Date: 2004-12-08 PubMed ID: 15581222PubMed Central: PMC1111358
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research paper evaluates and compares the effects of two anesthesia combinations, romifidine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine, on the cardiovascular system of horses. Through a crossover design involving six horses, the findings show that both combinations result in similar cardiorespiratory changes and are equally suitable for horse anesthesia.
Research Methodology
- The research used a crossover design which involved six horses that were alternatively subjected to two different treatment groups – romifidine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine.
- For the romifidine/ketamine group, anesthesia was induced and maintained using romifidine (100 microg/kg, IV) and ketamine (2.0 mg/kg, IV) for the former, and just ketamine (0.1 mg/kg/min, IV) for the latter.
- For the xylazine/ketamine group, assembly followed an almost similar process but used xylazine (1.0 mg/kg, IV) and ketamine (2.0 mg/kg, IV) to induce anesthesia. Maintenance involved a combination dosage of xylazine (0.05 mg/kg/min, IV) and ketamine (0.1 mg/kg/min, IV).
- Cardiopulmonary variables were monitored and measured at intervals for up to 40 minutes following induction.
Key Findings
- All the horses, irrespective of which anesthesia was used, showed effective sedation following intravenous administration and achieved recumbency after ketamine administration.
- Both the romifidine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine groups exhibited significant similarity in a range of measurement categories – heart rate, arterial oxygen pressures, arterial carbon dioxide pressures, cardiac index, stroke index, oxygen delivery and utilization, systemic vascular resistance, left ventricular work, and systemic arterial blood pressures.
- Both groups showed a significant drop from the baseline in the cardiac index and left ventricular work, while systemic vascular resistance increased from the baseline.
- However, the oxygen utilization ratio was found to be higher in the xylazine group at 5 and 15 minutes post-induction.
Conclusion
- The research concluded that both romifidine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine combinations produce similar cardiorespiratory alterations, thus making both regimens suitable alternatives for clinical anesthesia of horses from a cardiopulmonary viewpoint.
Cite This Article
APA
Kerr CL, McDonell WN, Young SS.
(2004).
Cardiopulmonary effects of romifidine/ketamine or xylazine/ketamine when used for short duration anesthesia in the horse.
Can J Vet Res, 68(4), 274-282.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1. ckerr@uoguelph.ca
MeSH Terms
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / pharmacology
- Anesthesia / methods
- Anesthesia / veterinary
- Anesthetics, Combined / pharmacology
- Anesthetics, Dissociative / pharmacology
- Animals
- Blood Gas Analysis
- Blood Pressure / drug effects
- Carbon Dioxide / blood
- Cross-Over Studies
- Heart Rate / drug effects
- Horses / blood
- Horses / physiology
- Imidazoles / pharmacology
- Ketamine / pharmacology
- Oxygen Consumption
- Partial Pressure
- Random Allocation
- Respiration / drug effects
- Xylazine / pharmacology
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