FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire2004; 68(4); 274-282;

Cardiopulmonary effects of romifidine/ketamine or xylazine/ketamine when used for short duration anesthesia in the horse.

Abstract: The cardiovascular changes associated with anesthesia induced and maintained with romifidine/ketamine versus xylazine/ ketamine were compared using 6 horses in a cross over design. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with romifidine (100 microg/kg, IV)/ketamine (2.0 mg/kg, IV) and ketamine (0.1 mg/kg/min, IV), respectively, in horses assigned to the romifidine/ ketamine group. Horses assigned to the xylazine/ketamine group had anesthesia induced and maintained with xylazine (1.0 mg/kg, IV)/ketamine (2.0 mg/kg, IV) and a combination of xylazine (0.05 mg/kg/min, IV) and ketamine (0.1 mg/kg/min, IV), respectively. Cardiopulmonary variables were measured at intervals up to 40 min after induction. All horses showed effective sedation following intravenous romifidine or xylazine and achieved recumbency after ketamine administration. There were no significant differences between groups in heart rate, arterial oxygen partial pressures, arterial carbon dioxide partial pressures, cardiac index, stroke index, oxygen delivery, oxygen utilization, systemic vascular resistance, left ventricular work, or any of the measured systemic arterial blood pressures. Cardiac index and left ventricular work fell significantly from baseline while systemic vascular resistance increased from baseline in both groups. The oxygen utilization ratio was higher in the xylazine group at 5 and 15 min after induction. In conclusion, the combination of romifidine/ketamine results in similar cardiopulmonary alterations as a xylazine/ketamine regime, and is a suitable alternative for clinical anesthesia of the horse from a cardiopulmonary viewpoint. ()
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2004-12-08 PubMed ID: 15581222PubMed Central: PMC1111358
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper evaluates and compares the effects of two anesthesia combinations, romifidine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine, on the cardiovascular system of horses. Through a crossover design involving six horses, the findings show that both combinations result in similar cardiorespiratory changes and are equally suitable for horse anesthesia.

Research Methodology

  • The research used a crossover design which involved six horses that were alternatively subjected to two different treatment groups – romifidine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine.
  • For the romifidine/ketamine group, anesthesia was induced and maintained using romifidine (100 microg/kg, IV) and ketamine (2.0 mg/kg, IV) for the former, and just ketamine (0.1 mg/kg/min, IV) for the latter.
  • For the xylazine/ketamine group, assembly followed an almost similar process but used xylazine (1.0 mg/kg, IV) and ketamine (2.0 mg/kg, IV) to induce anesthesia. Maintenance involved a combination dosage of xylazine (0.05 mg/kg/min, IV) and ketamine (0.1 mg/kg/min, IV).
  • Cardiopulmonary variables were monitored and measured at intervals for up to 40 minutes following induction.

Key Findings

  • All the horses, irrespective of which anesthesia was used, showed effective sedation following intravenous administration and achieved recumbency after ketamine administration.
  • Both the romifidine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine groups exhibited significant similarity in a range of measurement categories – heart rate, arterial oxygen pressures, arterial carbon dioxide pressures, cardiac index, stroke index, oxygen delivery and utilization, systemic vascular resistance, left ventricular work, and systemic arterial blood pressures.
  • Both groups showed a significant drop from the baseline in the cardiac index and left ventricular work, while systemic vascular resistance increased from the baseline.
  • However, the oxygen utilization ratio was found to be higher in the xylazine group at 5 and 15 minutes post-induction.

Conclusion

  • The research concluded that both romifidine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine combinations produce similar cardiorespiratory alterations, thus making both regimens suitable alternatives for clinical anesthesia of horses from a cardiopulmonary viewpoint.

Cite This Article

APA
Kerr CL, McDonell WN, Young SS. (2004). Cardiopulmonary effects of romifidine/ketamine or xylazine/ketamine when used for short duration anesthesia in the horse. Can J Vet Res, 68(4), 274-282.

Publication

Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire
ISSN: 0830-9000
NlmUniqueID: 8607793
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 68
Issue: 4
Pages: 274-282

Researcher Affiliations

Kerr, Carolyn L
  • Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1. ckerr@uoguelph.ca
McDonell, Wayne N
    Young, Simon S

      MeSH Terms

      • Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / pharmacology
      • Anesthesia / methods
      • Anesthesia / veterinary
      • Anesthetics, Combined / pharmacology
      • Anesthetics, Dissociative / pharmacology
      • Animals
      • Blood Gas Analysis
      • Blood Pressure / drug effects
      • Carbon Dioxide / blood
      • Cross-Over Studies
      • Heart Rate / drug effects
      • Horses / blood
      • Horses / physiology
      • Imidazoles / pharmacology
      • Ketamine / pharmacology
      • Oxygen Consumption
      • Partial Pressure
      • Random Allocation
      • Respiration / drug effects
      • Xylazine / pharmacology

      References

      This article includes 29 references
      1. Muir WW. Intravenous anesthetics and anesthetic techniques in horses. In: Muir WW, Hubbell JA, eds. Equine anesthesia: monitoring and emergency therapy Mosby Year Book, St. Louis, 1991:281–309.
      2. Hubbell JA, Bednarski RM, Muir WW. Xylazine and tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia in horses.. Am J Vet Res 1989 May;50(5):737-42.
        pubmed: 2729719
      3. Clarke KW, Taylor PM, Watkins SB. Detomidine/ketamine anaesthesia in the horse.. Acta Vet Scand Suppl 1986;82:167-79.
        pubmed: 3464177
      4. Matthews NS, Miller SM, Slater MR. A comparison of xylazine-ketamine and detomidine-ketamine anaesthesia in the horse. J Vet Anaesth 1993;20:68–72.
      5. Matthews NS, Hartsfield SM, Cornick JL, Williams JD, Beasley A. A comparison of injectable anesthetic combinations in horses.. Vet Surg 1991 Jul-Aug;20(4):268-73.
        pubmed: 1949566doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1991.tb01262.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      6. Gomez-Villamandos R, Santisteban J, Ruiz I, Avila I. Romifidine/ketamine anesthesia in horses. Equine Pract 1995;17:21–23.
      7. Marntell S, Nyman G. Effects of additional premedication on romifidine and ketamine anaesthesia in horses.. Acta Vet Scand 1996;37(3):315-25.
        pmc: PMC8063991pubmed: 8996876doi: 10.1186/bf03548097google scholar: lookup
      8. Muir WW, Skarda RT, Milne DW. Evaluation of xylazine and ketamine hydrochloride for anesthesia in horses.. Am J Vet Res 1977 Feb;38(2):195-201.
        pubmed: 842917
      9. Kerr CL, McDonell WN, Young SS. A comparison of romifidine and xylazine when used with diazepam/ketamine for short duration anesthesia in the horse.. Can Vet J 1996 Oct;37(10):601-9.
        pmc: PMC1576482pubmed: 8896874
      10. England GC, Clarke KW, Goossens L. A comparison of the sedative effects of three alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists (romifidine, detomidine and xylazine) in the horse.. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1992 Jun;15(2):194-201.
        pubmed: 1359161doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1992.tb01007.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      11. Gasthuys F, Parmentier D, Goossens L, De Moor A. A preliminary study on the effects of atropine sulphate on bradycardia and heart blocks during romifidine sedation in the horse.. Vet Res Commun 1990;14(6):489-502.
        pubmed: 1980962doi: 10.1007/bf00367061google scholar: lookup
      12. Diamond MJ, Young LE, Bartram DH, Gregg AS, Clutton RE, Long KJ, Jones RS. Clinical evaluation of romifidine/ketamine/halothane anaesthesia in horses.. Vet Rec 1993 Jun 5;132(23):572-5.
        pubmed: 8337799doi: 10.1136/vr.132.23.572google scholar: lookup
      13. Freeman SL, Bowen IM, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R, England GC. Cardiopulmonary effects of romifidine and detomidine used as premedicants for ketamine/halothane anaesthesia in ponies.. Vet Rec 2000 Nov 4;147(19):535-9.
        pubmed: 11095392doi: 10.1136/vr.147.19.535google scholar: lookup
      14. Taylor PM, Bennett RC, Brearley JC, Luna SP, Johnson CB. Comparison of detomidine and romifidine as premedicants before ketamine and halothane anesthesia in horses undergoing elective surgery.. Am J Vet Res 2001 Mar;62(3):359-63.
        pubmed: 11277200doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.359google scholar: lookup
      15. Davies T, Swan J. Romifidine, ketamine and guaiphenesin continual infusion anaesthesia: some experiences of its use under field conditions. Equine Vet Educ 1997;9:12–16.
      16. Muir WW, Skarda RT, Milne DW. Estimation of cardiac output in the horse by thermodilution techniques.. Am J Vet Res 1976 Jun;37(6):697-700.
        pubmed: 779541
      17. Anderson L, Smale K. A mathematical model to describe the oxygen-haemoglobin equilibrium curve of the thoroughbred horse. J Assoc Vet Anaesth 1990;17:49.
      18. Boyd CJ, McDonell WN, Valliant A. Comparative hemodynamic effects of halothane and halothane-acepromazine at equipotent doses in dogs.. Can J Vet Res 1991 Apr;55(2):107-12.
        pmc: PMC1263428pubmed: 1884290
      19. England GC, Clarke KW. Alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists in the horse--a review.. Br Vet J 1996 Nov;152(6):641-57.
        pubmed: 8979422doi: 10.1016/s0007-1935(96)80118-7google scholar: lookup
      20. Wagner AE, Muir WW 3rd, Hinchcliff KW. Cardiovascular effects of xylazine and detomidine in horses.. Am J Vet Res 1991 May;52(5):651-7.
        pubmed: 1854087
      21. Garner HE, Amend JF, Rosborough JP. Effects on Bay Va 1470 on cardiovascular parameters in ponies.. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 1971 Oct;66(10):1016-7 passim.
        pubmed: 4938478
      22. McMurphy RM, Young LE, Marlin DJ, Walsh K. Comparison of the cardiopulmonary effects of anesthesia maintained by continuous infusion of romifidine, guaifenesin, and ketamine with anesthesia maintained by inhalation of halothane in horses.. Am J Vet Res 2002 Dec;63(12):1655-61.
        pubmed: 12492279doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1655google scholar: lookup
      23. Muir WW. Complications: induction, maintenance, and recovery phases of anesthesia. In: Muir WW, Hubbell JA, eds. Equine anesthesia: monitoring and emergency therapy. Mosby year book, St. Louis, 1991:419–443.
      24. Gerber JG, Nies AS. Antihypertensive agents and drug therapy of hypertension. In: Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P, eds. Goodman and Gilman’s The pharmacologic basis of therapeutics, 8th ed. Pergamon Press, New York, 1990:784–813.
      25. Greene SA, Thurmon JC, Tranquilli WJ, Benson GJ. Cardiopulmonary effects of continuous intravenous infusion of guaifenesin, ketamine, and xylazine in ponies.. Am J Vet Res 1986 Nov;47(11):2364-7.
        pubmed: 3789495
      26. Young LE, Bartram DH, Diamond MJ, Gregg AS, Jones RS. Clinical evaluation of an infusion of xylazine, guaifenesin and ketamine for maintenance of anaesthesia in horses.. Equine Vet J 1993 Mar;25(2):115-9.
        pubmed: 8467769doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02919.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      27. Klein L, Sherman J. Effects of preanesthetic medication, anesthesia, and position of recumbency on central venous pressure in horses.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1977 Jan 15;170(2):216-9.
        pubmed: 833047
      28. Khanna AK, McDonell WN, Dyson DH, Taylor PM. Cardiopulmonary effects of hypercapnia during controlled intermittent positive pressure ventilation in the horse.. Can J Vet Res 1995 Jul;59(3):213-21.
        pmc: PMC1263768pubmed: 8521355
      29. de Morais HS, Muir WW 3rd. The effects of medetomidine on cardiac contractility in autonomically blocked dogs.. Vet Surg 1995 Jul-Aug;24(4):356-64.
        pubmed: 7571389doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1995.tb01343.xgoogle scholar: lookup

      Citations

      This article has been cited 0 times.
      Subscribe to our newsletter
      Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.