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Veterinary microbiology2012; 160(1-2); 77-84; doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.05.005

Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 obtained from humans and animals on dairy farms.

Abstract: In this study MRSA isolates from dairy farms were investigated for their genetic relationships and antimicrobial susceptibility. In total, 125 MRSA isolates from 26 dairy farms were studied, including isolates from milk samples (n=46), dairy cattle (n=24), calves (n=6), dust samples from pig (n=16) and veal calf sheds (n=1), dogs (n=2), a horse, a sheep and humans (n=28). CC398-specific PCRs, spa typing, SCCmec typing and ApaI macrorestriction analysis were conducted. Susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution. All 125 isolates belonged to CC398. Eight spa types (t011, t108, t034, t567, t1184, t1451, t2287 and t3934) were detected. SCCmec elements of types IV (n=48) and V (n=67) were identified with 10 isolates being non-typeable. Six main macrorestriction patterns - with up to 23 sub-patterns - and twelve resistance patterns were identified. Sixty-eight isolates showed a multiresistance phenotype. Farm-by-farm analysis revealed different scenarios: in some farms, the MRSA CC398 isolates from dairy cattle, humans, pig sheds and/or sheep were indistinguishable suggesting an interspecies exchange of the same MRSA CC398 subtype. In other farms, several MRSA CC398 subtypes were detected in different host species/sources with occasionally even more than one MRSA CC398 subtype from the same host species/source. These latter results may suggest that either different MRSA subtypes associated with humans or animals have been imported into the respective farm or that one MRSA CC398 strain has undergone diversification, reflected by more or less expanded changes in PFGE patterns, spa type or resistance pattern, during colonization of different hosts on the same farm.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2012-05-15 PubMed ID: 22655975DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.05.005Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates the genetic relationships and antimicrobial resistance of a specific type of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) found in humans and animals in dairy farms. It suggests that the MRSA strains across different species and environmental samples on the same farm may either have originated from diverse sources or evolved variations from a single strain.

Research Methodology

  • The researchers collected 125 MRSA isolates from 26 different dairy farms. The isolates were taken from various sources like milk samples, dairy cattle, calves, dust samples from pig and veal calf sheds, dogs, a horse, a sheep, and humans.
  • The MRSA isolates were analysed using CC398-specific PCRs, spa typing, SCCmec typing and ApaI macrorestriction. These tests can articulate the genetic framework of the MRSA strains and identify their specific subtypes. CC398 is a particular type of MRSA that has adapted to live in livestock and is especially common in pigs.
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility of the MRSA isolates was tested using broth microdilution. This method reveals whether the MRSA strains are resistant to different types of antimicrobial drugs.

Results

  • All 125 isolates belonged to the MRSA CC398 type.
  • Eight different subtypes were identified (t011, t108, t034, t567, t1184, t1451, t2287 and t3934).
  • Both types IV (48 instances) and V (67 instances) SCCmec elements were found among the isolates. SCCmec elements are mobile genetic elements that make MRSA strains resistant to certain antibiotics. 10 isolates were not typeable.
  • Six main macrorestriction patterns were found with up to 23 different sub-patterns. Macrorestriction is a method which uses enzymes to cut DNA into large pieces, whose patterns can then be analyzed.
  • Twelve different resistance patterns were found, and 68 isolates showed resistance to more than one type of antibiotic (multiresistant).

Interpretation and Conclusion

  • Analysis of the results suggest that the same MRSA CC398 subtype might be interchanging between different species in some farms, including humans.
  • In other cases, different MRSA CC398 subtypes were detected in various species, suggesting either separate importation of MRSA into the farm, or that one strain of MRSA has diversified during colonization. These diversifications might be reflected in changes in certain genetic and resistance patterns.

The study’s findings underscore the importance of biosecurity and appropriate antibiotic usage in farms, in order to mitigate the risk of MRSA transmission, and reduce the potential for the emergence of highly resistant strains.

Cite This Article

APA
Fessler AT, Olde Riekerink RG, Rothkamp A, Kadlec K, Sampimon OC, Lam TJ, Schwarz S. (2012). Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 obtained from humans and animals on dairy farms. Vet Microbiol, 160(1-2), 77-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.05.005

Publication

Veterinary microbiology
ISSN: 1873-2542
NlmUniqueID: 7705469
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 160
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 77-84

Researcher Affiliations

Fessler, Andrea T
  • Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.
Olde Riekerink, Richard G M
    Rothkamp, Anja
      Kadlec, Kristina
        Sampimon, Otlis C
          Lam, Theo J G M
            Schwarz, Stefan

              MeSH Terms

              • Animals
              • Cattle
              • Cattle Diseases / microbiology
              • Dairying
              • Dogs
              • Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
              • Horse Diseases / microbiology
              • Horses
              • Humans
              • Meat
              • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / classification
              • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects
              • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / isolation & purification
              • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
              • Polymerase Chain Reaction
              • Sheep
              • Staphylococcal Infections / microbiology
              • Staphylococcal Infections / veterinary
              • Sus scrofa
              • Swine
              • Swine Diseases / microbiology

              Citations

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