Detection of Antibodies to Lokern, Main Drain, St. Louis Encephalitis, and West Nile Viruses in Vertebrate Animals in Chihuahua, Guerrero, and Michoacán, Mexico.
Abstract: We conducted serologic surveillance for flaviviruses and orthobunyaviruses in vertebrate animals in Mexico in 2018-2019. Sera were collected from 856 vertebrate animals, including 323 dogs, 223 horses, and 121 cows, from 16 species. The animals were from 3 states: Chihuahua in northwest Mexico (704 animals) and Guerrero and Michoacán on the Pacific Coast (27 and 125 animals, respectively). Sera were assayed by plaque reduction neutralization test using four flaviviruses (dengue type 2, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile, and Zika viruses) and six orthobunyaviruses from the Bunyamwera (BUN) serogroup (Cache Valley, Lokern, Main Drain, Northway, Potosi, and Tensaw viruses). Antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) were detected in 154 animals of 9 species, including 89 (39.9%) horses, 3 (21.4%) Indian peafowl, and 41 (12.7%) dogs. Antibodies to St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) were detected in seven animals, including three (0.9%) dogs. Antibodies to Lokern virus (LOKV) were detected in 22 animals: 19 (8.5%) horses, 2 (1.7%) cows, and a dog (0.3%). Antibodies to Main Drain virus (MDV) were detected in three (1.3%) horses. WNV and LOKV activity was detected in all three states, SLEV activity was detected in Chihuahua and Michoacán, and MDV activity was detected in Chihuahua. None of the animals was seropositive for Cache Valley virus, the most common and widely distributed BUN serogroup virus in North America. In conclusion, we provide serologic evidence that select flaviviruses and BUN serogroup viruses infect vertebrate animals in Chihuahua, Guerrero, and Michoacán. We also provide the first evidence of LOKV and MDV activity in Mexico.
Publication Date: 2021-10-14 PubMed ID: 34652234DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2021.0028Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research carried out in 2018-2019 involved sampling of 856 animals across three states in Mexico to monitor for the presence of antibodies to certain flaviviruses and orthobunyaviruses. The results indicated various levels of West Nile Virus, St. Louis Encephalitis Virus, Lokern Virus, and Main Drain Virus activity across the states sampled.
Methodology
- This study constituted a serologic surveillance conducted in Mexico between 2018-2019 as a means to detect flaviviruses and orthobunyaviruses in vertebrate animals.
- Serum samples were collected from a total of 856 animals which comprised 16 species including 323 dogs, 223 horses, and 121 cows.
- The animals were sourced from three states namely Chihuahua, Guerrero, and Michoacán.
- These samples were subsequently put through a plaque reduction neutralization test to screen for four flaviviruses: Dengue type 2, St. Louis Encephalitis, West Nile, and Zika viruses; and six orthobunyaviruses that belonged to the Bunyamwera serogroup namely Cache Valley, Lokern, Main Drain, Northway, Potosi, and Tensaw viruses.
Results
- The research recorded the presence of antibodies to the West Nile Virus (WNV) in 154 animals including 89 horses, three Indian peafowls, and 41 dogs.
- Antibodies linked to the St. Louis Encephalitis Virus (SLEV) were found in seven animals, including three dogs.
- The Lokern Virus (LOKV) antibodies were detected in 22 animals including 19 horses, two cows, and a dog.
- Antibodies to Main Drain Virus (MDV) were noted in three horses.
- Activities of WNV and LOKV were detected in all three states. SLEV was found in Chihuahua and Michoacán, and MDV activity was present only in Chihuahua. No animal tested seropositive for Cache Valley Virus which is the most widely distributed Bunyamwera serogroup virus in North America.
Conclusion
- The study provides substantial proof that selective flaviviruses and Bunyamwera serogroup viruses infect animals in the states of Chihuahua, Guerrero, and Michoacán.
- The research also provides first-hand evidence of the presence of Lokern Virus and Main Drain Virus activity in Mexico.
Cite This Article
APA
Laredo-Tiscareño SV, Garza-Hernandez JA, Rodríguez-Alarcón CA, Adame-Gallegos JR, Beristain-Ruiz DM, Barajas-López IN, González-Peña R, Baylon-Jaquez D, Camacho-Perea A, Vega-Durán A, Rubio-Tabares E, Rivera-Barreno R, Montelongo-Ponce C, Tangudu CS, Blitvich BJ.
(2021).
Detection of Antibodies to Lokern, Main Drain, St. Louis Encephalitis, and West Nile Viruses in Vertebrate Animals in Chihuahua, Guerrero, and Michoacán, Mexico.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 21(11), 884-891.
https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2021.0028 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México.
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México.
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México.
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México.
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México.
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México.
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México.
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México.
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México.
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México.
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México.
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México.
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral
- Cattle
- Cattle Diseases
- Dog Diseases
- Dogs
- Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis
- Encephalitis, St. Louis / epidemiology
- Encephalitis, St. Louis / veterinary
- Female
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horses
- Mexico / epidemiology
- Vertebrates
- West Nile Fever / epidemiology
- West Nile Fever / veterinary
- West Nile virus
- Zika Virus
- Zika Virus Infection / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Nunez-Avellaneda D, Villagómez FR, Villegas-Pineda JC, Barrios-Palacios J, Salazar MI, Machain-Williams C, Blitvich BJ. Evidence of Coinfections between SARS-CoV-2 and Select Arboviruses in Guerrero, Mexico, 2020-2021. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022 Jan 24;106(3):896-899.
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