Detection of borna disease virus-reactive antibodies from patients with psychiatric disorders and from horses by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.
Abstract: The prevalence of Borna disease virus (BDV)-specific antibodies among patients with psychiatric disorders and healthy individuals has varied in several reports using several different serological assay methods. A reliable and specific method for anti-BDV antibodies needs to be developed to clarify the pathological significance of BDV infections in humans. We developed a new electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) for the antibody to BDV that uses two recombinant proteins of BDV, p40 and p24 (full length). Using this ECLIA, we examined 3,476 serum samples from humans with various diseases and 917 sera from blood donors in Japan for the presence of anti-BDV antibodies. By ECLIA, 26 (3.08%) of 845 schizophrenia patients and 9 (3.59%) of 251 patients with mood disorders were seropositive for BDV. Among 323 patients with other psychiatric diseases, 114 with neurological diseases, 75 with chronic fatigue syndrome, 85 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, 50 with autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosis and 17 with leprosy, there was no positive case except one case each with alcohol addiction, AIDS, and dementia. Although 19 (1.36%) of 1,393 patients with various ocular diseases, 10 (1.09%) of 917 blood donors, and 3 (4.55%) of 66 multitransfused patients were seropositive for BDV-specific antigen, high levels of seroprevalence in schizophrenia patients and young patients (16 to 59 years old) with mood disorders were statistically significant. The immunoreactivity of seropositive sera could be verified for specificity by blocking with soluble p40 and/or p24 recombinant protein. Anti-p24 antibody was more frequent than p40 antibody in most cases, and in some psychotic patients antibody profiles showed only p40 antibody. Although serum positive for both p40 and p24 antibodies was not found in this study, the p40 ECLIA count in schizophrenia patients was higher than that of blood donors. Furthermore, we examined 90 sera from Japanese feral horses. Antibody profiles of control human samples are similar to that of naturally BDV-infected feral horses. We concluded that BDV infection was associated in some way with psychiatric disorders.
Publication Date: 1999-09-03 PubMed ID: 10473520PubMed Central: PMC95757DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.6.5.696-700.1999Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research explores the prevalence of Borna disease virus (BDV)-specific antibodies in patients with psychiatric disorders, compared to healthy individuals, via a novel electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). The study’s findings indicate a significantly higher rate of BDV antibodies in individuals with schizophrenia and younger patients with mood disorders, suggesting a potential link between BDV infection and certain psychiatric conditions.
Introduction and Methodology
- The study began with the researchers noting a variance in the reporting of BDV-specific antibodies among patients with psychiatric disorders and healthy individuals. This led them to devise a more reliable method to evaluate BDV antibodies in humans and its possible pathological significance.
- The researchers developed a new electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) to assess the presence of antibody to BDV. This test utilized two recombinant proteins of BDV, p40 and p24.
- A large sample of serum samples from humans with various diseases (3,476) and from blood donors (917) were tested using ECLIA.
Results and Findings
- Out of the 845 schizophrenia patients tested, 26 (3.08%) were found to be seropositive for BDV. Similarly, 3.59% of patients with mood disorders were seropositive for BDV. Except for one case each of alcohol addiction, AIDS, and dementia, no cases were positive in patients with other psychiatric diseases, neurological diseases, chronic fatigue syndrome, HIV infection, autoimmune diseases, and leprosy.
- Compared to the lower seroprevalence rates among patients with ocular diseases (1.36%), blood donors (1.09%), and multitransfused patients (4.55%), the higher levels of BDV antibodies in schizophrenia patients and young patients with mood disorders were statistically significant.
- The specificity of immunoreactivity of seropositive sera was verified through blocking with soluble p40 or p24 recombinant protein. Anti-p24 antibody was more common than p40 antibody in most cases. However, only p40 antibody was found in some psychotic patients.
- The study also examined sera from Japanese feral horses (90 samples) and found antibody profiles similar to control human samples, indicating a similarity between BDV infection in humans and horses.
Conclusion
- The research concluded that there seems to be an association between BDV infection and certain psychiatric disorders, given the higher seroprevalence found in patients with schizophrenia and younger patients with mood disorders.
Cite This Article
APA
Yamaguchi K, Sawada T, Naraki T, Igata-Yi R, Shiraki H, Horii Y, Ishii T, Ikeda K, Asou N, Okabe H, Mochizuki M, Takahashi K, Yamada S, Kubo K, Yashiki S, Waltrip RW, Carbone KM.
(1999).
Detection of borna disease virus-reactive antibodies from patients with psychiatric disorders and from horses by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 6(5), 696-700.
https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.6.5.696-700.1999 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Blood Transfusion Service and Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan. kyama@gpo.kumamoto-u.ac.jp
MeSH Terms
- Age Distribution
- Animals
- Animals, Wild
- Antibodies, Viral / analysis
- Borna Disease / epidemiology
- Borna Disease / immunology
- Borna disease virus
- Horses
- Humans
- Immunoassay / methods
- Luminescent Measurements
- Male
- Mass Screening / methods
- Mood Disorders / immunology
- Mood Disorders / virology
- Recombinant Proteins / immunology
- Schizophrenia / immunology
- Schizophrenia / virology
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Seroepidemiologic Studies
- Sex Distribution
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