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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2021; 10(9); doi: 10.3390/pathogens10091126

Detection of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Indiana from Insects Collected during the 2020 Outbreak in Kansas, USA.

Abstract: Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is a reportable viral disease which affects horses, cattle, and pigs in the Americas. Outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey serotype (VSV-NJ) in the United States typically occur on a 5-10-year cycle, usually affecting western and southwestern states. In 2019-2020, an outbreak of VSV Indiana serotype (VSV-IN) extended eastward into the states of Kansas and Missouri for the first time in several decades, leading to 101 confirmed premises in Kansas and 37 confirmed premises in Missouri. In order to investigate which vector species contributed to the outbreak in Kansas, we conducted insect surveillance at two farms that experienced confirmed VSV-positive cases, one each in Riley County and Franklin County. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light traps were used to collect biting flies on the premises. Two genera of known VSV vectors, Culicoides biting midges and Simulium black flies, were identified to species, pooled by species, sex, reproductive status, and collection site, and tested for the presence of VSV-IN RNA by RT-qPCR. In total, eight positive pools were detected from Culicoides sonorensis (1), Culicoides stellifer (3), Culicoides variipennis (1), and Simulium meridionale (3). The C. sonorensis- and C. variipennis-positive pools were from nulliparous individuals, possibly indicating transovarial or venereal transmission as the source of virus. This is the first report of VSV-IN in field caught C. stellifer and the first report of either serotype in S. meridionale near outbreak premises. These results improve our understanding of the role midges and black flies play in VSV epidemiology in the United States and broadens the scope of vector species for targeted surveillance and control.
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Publication Date: 2021-09-02 PubMed ID: 34578160PubMed Central: PMC8471201DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091126Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research presents findings on Vesicular stomatitis (VS), a contagious viral disease that affects livestock in the Americas, identifying the insects contributing to an outbreak in Kansas and monitoring the presence of VSV Indiana RNA in these insects.

Objective of the Research

The research aimed to determine which vector species contributed to an outbreak of Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) Indiana serotype (VSV-IN) in Kansas, USA, during 2019-2020. Researchers focused on insect surveillance around two farms that had confirmed VSV positive cases and tested for the presence of VSV-IN in these insects through RT-qPCR.

Research Methodology

  • The experts conducted insect surveillance on two farms with confirmed VSV positive cases. These farms were located in Riley County and Franklin County, Kansas.
  • Researchers used miniature light traps provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to collect biting flies from the premises.
  • The identified species of insects were then processed, grouped by species, sex, reproductive status, and collection site. Specifically, they looked at two genera of known VSV vectors: biting midges and black flies.
  • To test whether the insects carried the virus, they used RT-qPCR to search for the presence of VSV-IN RNA.

Research Findings

  • The researchers identified eight pools of insects that tested positive for VSV-IN RNA. These positive pools have expanded the scope of vector species involved in the disease’s transmission.
  • The evidence suggested that the virus could be transmitted transovarially or venereally, significantly as some of the positive samples were nulliparous – yet to give birth – flies.
  • This surveillance study has reported for the first time the detection of VSV-IN in field-caught insects near VSV-associated outbreak sites.

Impact and Implication of Research

  • This study enhances our understanding of the vector species involved in transmitting VSV in the United States. With this new insight, targeted surveillance and control measures can be better planned and executed to prevent future outbreaks.
  • This research also adds to the knowledge base regarding potential routes of disease transmission, namely the possibility of transovarial or venereal virus transmission in insects.

Cite This Article

APA
McGregor BL, Rozo-Lopez P, Davis TM, Drolet BS. (2021). Detection of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Indiana from Insects Collected during the 2020 Outbreak in Kansas, USA. Pathogens, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091126

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 9

Researcher Affiliations

McGregor, Bethany L
  • Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.
Rozo-Lopez, Paula
  • Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Davis, Travis M
  • Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.
Drolet, Barbara S
  • Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.

Grant Funding

  • 3020-32000-013-00D / U.S. Department of Agriculture
  • 3020-32000-018-00D / U.S. Department of Agriculture

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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