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Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association2024; doi: 10.1111/vru.13356

Doppler ultrasonographic measurements of the lateral digital palmar artery in pregnant mares.

Abstract: Cardiovascular changes have been reported in late pregnancy in mares. However, there are no data on changes in peripheral blood flow. Doppler ultrasound represents a sensitive method for assessing the blood flow directed to the hoof. The aims of this study were to evaluate the blood flow parameters of the lateral palmar digital artery (LPDA) in pregnant mares and to assess intra- and interrater agreement between two observers with different levels of experience. The LPDAs of pregnant Italian Standardbred mares were examined. The vessels were located with B-mode ultrasound and analyzed with color and pulsed wave Doppler. The following parameters were recorded by the operators: heart rate (HR), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistive index (RI). Measurements were performed between 2 and 3 months of gestation (T1), in the last month of pregnancy (T2) and a week after delivery (T3). Seventeen mares aged 3-18 years met the inclusion criteria. Ultrasound examinations of the LPDA were subjectively easy to perform and well tolerated by the mares. Interrater and intrarater agreement were good and moderate, respectively. The HR was higher at T2 than at T1 and T3. The PSV and RI changed significantly during pregnancy, with higher values at T2 and T3, whereas the EDV remained unchanged throughout the examination. Doppler examination showed that peripheral flow changes were present in mares in late pregnancy. However, the persistence of higher values after delivery invites further investigation to assess the correlation between metabolic/endocrine changes related to pregnancy and Doppler parameters.
© 2024 American College of Veterinary Radiology.
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Publication Date: 2024-03-17 PubMed ID: 38494832DOI: 10.1111/vru.13356Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research measured the blood flow in the lateral palmar digital artery of pregnant horses using Doppler ultrasound. It found that there was a significant change in the blood flow parameters during their pregnancy.

Objective of Research

  • This study aimed to measure the blood flow parameters in the lateral palmar digital artery (also known as LPDA, an artery directed to the hoof) in pregnant mares (female horses) using Doppler Ultrasound.
  • The secondary objective was to evaluate the level of agreement between two observers with different experience levels in the measurements taken.

Methodology

  • Italian Standardbred mares that were pregnant underwent ultrasound examinations of their LPDA.
  • The blood vessels were located through B-mode ultrasound and then analyzed with color and pulsed-wave Doppler.
  • Different parameters were recorded by the operators, including heart rate (HR), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistive index (RI).
  • Measurements were taken at different stages of the mares’ pregnancy: between 2 to 3 months (T1), in the last month of pregnancy (T2), and a week after delivery (T3).

Findings

  • Seventeen mares between the ages of 3 to 18 met the inclusion criteria for the study.
  • The ultrasound examination of LPDA was found to be easy to perform and the mares well tolerated the procedure.
  • A good level of interrater agreement and a moderate intrarater agreement were observed.
  • Changes in HR, PSV, and RI were noted during pregnancy with a higher rate observed at T2 and T3. EDV remained constant throughout the stages.

Implications and Future Research

  • The study revealed peripheral blood flow changes in mares during late pregnancy. This suggests that cardiovascular changes do occur as a result of pregnancy.
  • This study forms a basis for further investigation on the correlation between the metabolic/endocrine changes that occur due to pregnancy and the Doppler Parameters.

Cite This Article

APA
(2024). Doppler ultrasonographic measurements of the lateral digital palmar artery in pregnant mares. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.13356

Publication

Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association
ISSN: 1740-8261
NlmUniqueID: 9209635
Country: England
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Grant Funding

  • Universitu00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II

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