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International journal of molecular sciences2023; 24(23); 16778; doi: 10.3390/ijms242316778

Early Castration in Horses Does Not Impact Osteoarticular Metabolism.

Abstract: The castration of stallions is traditionally performed after puberty, at around the age of 2 years old. No studies have focused on the effects of early castration on osteoarticular metabolism. Thus, we aimed to compare early castration (3 days after birth) with traditional castration (18 months of age) in horses. Testosterone and estradiol levels were monitored from birth to 33 months in both groups. We quantified the levels of biomarkers of cartilage and bone anabolism (CPII and N-MID) and catabolism (CTX-I and CTX-II), as well as of osteoarthritis (HA and COMP) and inflammation (IL-6 and PGE). We observed a lack of parallelism between testosterone and estradiol synthesis after birth and during puberty in both groups. The extra-gonadal synthesis of steroids was observed around the 28-month mark, regardless of the castration age. We found the expression of estrogen receptor (ESR1) in cartilage and bone, whereas androgen receptor (AR) expression appeared to be restricted to bone. Nevertheless, with respect to osteoarticular metabolism, steroid hormone deprivation resulting from early castration had no discernable impact on the levels of biomarkers related to bone and cartilage metabolism, nor on those associated with OA and inflammation. Consequently, our research demonstrated that early castration does not disrupt bone and cartilage homeostasis.
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Publication Date: 2023-11-26 PubMed ID: 38069100PubMed Central: PMC10706761DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316778Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study focused on determining the effects of early castration (3 days after birth) vs traditional castration (18 months old) in horses, particularly on osteoarticular (bone and joint) metabolism. Key findings reveal that bone and cartilage metabolism and related hormonal regulation is not significantly affected by the timing of castration.

Study Design and Measurements

The researchers compared two groups of horses – one group underwent early castration, and the other group underwent traditional castration. Key parameters that were monitored include:

  • The levels of testosterone and estradiol, the main male and female sex hormones, respectively, from birth to 33 months of age.
  • The levels of specific biomarkers associated with bone and cartilage anabolism (growth and repair, represented by CPII and N-MID) and catabolism (breakdown, represented by CTX-I and CTX-II).
  • The levels of other markers related to osteoarthritis (HA and COMP) and inflammation (IL-6 and PGE), to determine any potential secondary effects on joint health.

Key Findings

Important observations and results from the study include:

  • There was no distinct pattern observed between testosterone and estradiol synthesis (production) after birth and during puberty in both groups, suggesting that the timing of castration does not significantly alter these hormonal patterns.
  • Synthesis of steroid hormones was observed outside of the gonads (testes), around the 28-month mark, regardless of the age of castration.
  • Estrogen receptors were found in both cartilage and bone, while androgen (male hormone) receptors were found to be restricted only to bone.
  • Detrimental effects of hormone deprivation from early castration were not observed. The biomarkers related to bone and cartilage metabolism, as well as those associated with osteoarthritis and inflammation, showed no discernible difference between the early castration and traditional castration groups.

Conclusion

The research concluded that early castration does not disrupt or negatively impact bone and cartilage metabolism, making it a viable alternative to traditional castration without the risk of impairing skeletal development and joint health in horses. This fills previous gaps in the understanding of the effects of early castration on equine bone and joint health.

Cite This Article

APA
Rouge M, Legendre F, Elkhatib R, Delalande C, Cognié J, Reigner F, Barrière P, Deleuze S, Hanoux V, Galéra P, Bouraïma-Lelong H. (2023). Early Castration in Horses Does Not Impact Osteoarticular Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci, 24(23), 16778. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316778

Publication

International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
NlmUniqueID: 101092791
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 24
Issue: 23
PII: 16778

Researcher Affiliations

Rouge, Marion
  • Université de Caen-Normandie, OeReCa, 14000 Caen, France.
Legendre, Florence
  • Université de Caen Normandie BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France.
Elkhatib, Razan
  • Université de Caen-Normandie, OeReCa, 14000 Caen, France.
Delalande, Christelle
  • Université de Caen-Normandie, OeReCa, 14000 Caen, France.
Cognié, Juliette
  • INRAE, Université de Tours, Centre de Recherche de Tours, UMR PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
Reigner, Fabrice
  • INRAE, Université de Tours, Centre de Recherche de Tours, UEPAO, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
Barrière, Philippe
  • INRAE, Université de Tours, Centre de Recherche de Tours, UEPAO, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
Deleuze, Stefan
  • Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Hanoux, Vincent
  • Université de Caen-Normandie, OeReCa, 14000 Caen, France.
Galéra, Philippe
  • Université de Caen Normandie BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France.
Bouraïma-Lelong, Hélène
  • Université de Caen-Normandie, OeReCa, 14000 Caen, France.

Grant Funding

  • EQUISTEM, N80-2014,917CB194 / Fonds Eperon
  • EQUISTEM-G,014CJ061 / GIS CENTAURE equine research
  • Ru00e9gion Normandie
  • Institut Franu00e7ais du Cheval et de l'u00c9quitation
  • Ministu00e8re de l'Enseignement Supu00e9rieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
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