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Home / Equine Research Bank / Sci Adv / Early transatlantic movement of horses and donkeys at Jamest...
Science advances2025; 11(36); eadw2595; doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adw2595

Early transatlantic movement of horses and donkeys at Jamestown.

Abstract: Domestic equids were central to the initial colonization of the Atlantic coast of the Americas, a process partially chronicled by historical records. While Spanish colonists brought horses to the Caribbean decades earlier, settlement of the English colony at Jamestown, Virginia, was among the first dispersals of horses to the eastern seaboard. Archaeozoological analysis of identifiable domestic equid remains from two contexts associated with the initial occupation of Jamestown demonstrates intense processing and consumption of the first Jamestown horses during the "Starving Time" winter of 1609. Osteological and biomolecular study of these equid remains demonstrates their successful reproduction at the colony and use in transport activities and identifies an adult domestic donkey with mixed European and West African ancestry, possibly supplied through undocumented exchange during a transatlantic stopover. These results reveal the challenges of equid translocation in early settlement of eastern North America and the global connectivity of early transatlantic animal exchange.
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Publication Date: 2025-09-03 PubMed ID: 40901968PubMed Central: PMC12407088DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adw2595Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Historical Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Early English colonists at Jamestown, Virginia, brought and bred horses and donkeys that played crucial roles in their survival and transport during the colony’s early years, revealing complex transatlantic animal exchanges.

Research Context and Importance

  • The study focuses on domestic equids (horses and donkeys) in early English colonization along the Atlantic coast of the Americas.
  • While horses were introduced earlier by the Spanish in the Caribbean, Jamestown represents one of the earliest English introductions to the eastern seaboard.
  • Understanding the movement and use of these animals provides insight into colonial survival strategies and transatlantic trade networks.

Archaeozoological Analysis

  • Researchers analyzed bone remains of domestic equids found in two archaeological contexts linked to the initial Jamestown settlement.
  • Evidence from the “Starving Time” winter of 1609 shows extensive processing and consumption of horses, indicating their use as a food source during extreme hardship.
  • This confirms the critical role of horses not only as working animals but also as emergency sustenance.

Osteological and Biomolecular Findings

  • Bone and molecular studies demonstrated that these horses successfully reproduced within the colony, showing establishment of a breeding population.
  • Findings also indicate their use in transport activities, highlighting their functional importance beyond food.
  • One identified adult domestic donkey exhibited mixed European and West African genetic ancestry, suggesting complex origins.
  • This donkey’s ancestry implies the possibility of undocumented exchanges occurring during transatlantic stops, reflecting a broader global connectivity.

Implications for Early Transatlantic Animal Exchange

  • The study reveals challenges faced in transporting and maintaining equids in early settlements, such as adaptation to new environments and resource limitations.
  • It highlights the intricate networks of animal trade and exchange between Europe, Africa, and the Americas during the early 1600s.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the biological and cultural dimensions of early European colonization and the globalization of animal species.

Conclusion

  • This research illuminates the survival strategies of Jamestown settlers through the lens of domestic animal use and movement.
  • It emphasizes the global nature of early colonial animal exchanges that shaped the ecological and cultural landscapes of the Atlantic world.

Cite This Article

APA
Taylor WTT, Delsol N, Oelze VM, Mitchell P, Stricker L, Lavin M, Ogundiran A, Hosek L, Barrón-Ortiz CI, Ojediran O, Quintero-Bisono D, Keith-Diagne L, Magoon D, Hill ME, Thomas AE, Waterman A, Peate DW, Chauvey L, Schiavinato S, Calvière-Tonasso L, Borges L, Brito-Mayor A, Santana J, Kamenov G, Orlando L, Krigbaum J. (2025). Early transatlantic movement of horses and donkeys at Jamestown. Sci Adv, 11(36), eadw2595. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw2595

Publication

Science advances
ISSN: 2375-2548
NlmUniqueID: 101653440
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 36
Pages: eadw2595
PII: eadw2595

Researcher Affiliations

Taylor, William Timothy Treal
  • Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado-Boulder, 218 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
  • Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado-Boulder, 218 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Delsol, Nicolas
  • Université Laval, Laboratoire d'Archéologie, 300 rue Saint-Paul, Québec, QC G1K 7R1 Canada.
  • Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Oelze, Vicky M
  • Anthropology Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
Mitchell, Peter
  • University of Oxford, School of Archaeology, 1 S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3TG, United Kingdom.
  • University of the Witwatersrand, Rock Art Research Institute, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2017, South Africa.
Stricker, Leah
  • Jamestown Rediscovery, Preservation Virginia, 1365 Colonial Parkway, Jamestown, VA 23081, USA.
Lavin, Michael
  • Jamestown Rediscovery, Preservation Virginia, 1365 Colonial Parkway, Jamestown, VA 23081, USA.
Ogundiran, Akin
  • Department of History, Northwestern University, 1881 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Hosek, Lauren
  • Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado-Boulder, 218 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Barrón-Ortiz, Christina Isabelle
  • Royal Alberta Museum, Quaternary Studies Program, 9810 103a Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB T5J 0G2 Canada.
Ojediran, Olumide
  • Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado-Boulder, 218 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Quintero-Bisono, Diana
  • Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado-Boulder, 218 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Keith-Diagne, Lucy
  • African Aquatic Conservation Fund, BP Joal, 23015, Senegal, West Africa.
Magoon, Dane
  • University of Leicester, Archaeology and Ancient History, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
Hill, Matthew E
  • Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, 114 Macbride Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Thomas, Ariane E
  • Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, 114 Macbride Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Waterman, Anna
  • Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Mount Mercy University, Cedar Rapids, IA 52402, USA.
Peate, David W
  • Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, 115 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Chauvey, Lorelei
  • Université Paul Sabatier, Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse (CNRS UMR 5288), Toulouse 31000, France.
Schiavinato, Stéphanie
  • Université Paul Sabatier, Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse (CNRS UMR 5288), Toulouse 31000, France.
Calvière-Tonasso, Laure
  • Université Paul Sabatier, Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse (CNRS UMR 5288), Toulouse 31000, France.
Borges, Luís
  • Direção Regional dos Assuntos Culturais dos Açores, Rua da Conceição, Palacete Silveira e Paulo, 9700-054 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal.
Brito-Mayor, Aitor
  • University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Department of Historical Sciences, Pérez del Toro 1, Las Palmas de G.C. E35003, Spain.
Santana, Jonathan
  • University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Department of Historical Sciences, Pérez del Toro 1, Las Palmas de G.C. E35003, Spain.
Kamenov, George
  • Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Orlando, Ludovic
  • Université Paul Sabatier, Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse (CNRS UMR 5288), Toulouse 31000, France.
Krigbaum, John
  • Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses / physiology
  • Equidae / physiology
  • Archaeology
  • Animal Migration

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