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Journal of veterinary internal medicine2024; doi: 10.1111/jvim.16967

Effect of physiological and pharmacological stress on heart rate, blood pressure, and echocardiographic measurements in healthy Warmblood horses.

Abstract: Echocardiographic measurements are important prognostic indicators but might be influenced by heart rate and blood pressure. This is particularly important when comparing repeated examinations. Objective: To determine the effect of physiological stress at mildly increased heart rates and pharmacological challenge using IV administration of N-butylscopolammonium bromide and metamizol sodium on heart rate, blood pressure, and echocardiographic measurements. Methods: Twenty healthy Warmblood horses. Methods: Randomized crossover study. Horses were examined echocardiographically by 2-dimensional, M-mode, pulsed wave (PW) Doppler, and PW tissue Doppler imaging with simultaneous ECG recording and noninvasive blood pressure measurements during rest, physiological stress, and pharmacological challenge. Cardiac dimensions and functions were measured by a blinded observer. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: Mean heart rate and arterial blood pressure were significantly higher during physiological stress (46 ± 2 bpm, 93 ± 16 mm Hg) and pharmacological challenge (62 ± 13 bpm, 107 ± 17 mm Hg) compared with rest (34 ± 3 bpm, 86 ± 12 mm Hg; P < .05). Compared with rest, physiological stress resulted in increased left atrial fractional area change (34.3 ± 7.5 vs 27.3 ± 5.1%; P = .01) and left ventricular late diastolic radial wall motion velocity (13 ± 3 vs 10 ± 2 cm/s; P = .01) but had no significant effect on most other echocardiographic variables. Compared with rest, pharmacological challenge led to significantly decreased left atrial and diastolic ventricular dimensions (left ventricular internal diameter: 10.3 ± 0.9 vs 10.7 ± 0.8 cm; P = .01), increased aortic and pulmonary diameters, and ventricular wall thickness. Conclusions: Physiological stress at mildly increased heart rates significantly enhanced atrial pump function. Larger heart rate and blood pressure increases during pharmacological challenge resulted in altered cardiac dimensions. This should be taken into account when evaluating echocardiographic measurements at increased heart rates.
© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2024-01-04 PubMed ID: 38174810DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16967Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research shows how stress, both physiological and through drug-induced challenges, impacts the heart rate, blood pressure, and echocardiographic measurements in healthy Warmblood horses. It reveals that changes in heart rate and blood pressure significantly influence certain cardiac measurements, which need to be considered in a veterinary context.

Research Methodology

  • The researchers studied 20 healthy Warmblood horses, conducting a randomized crossover study to gather comprehensive and reliable data.
  • A variety of techniques were used to study these horses, including 2-dimensional, M-mode, pulsed wave (PW) Doppler, and PW tissue Doppler imaging. These were measured alongside an ECG recording and noninvasive blood pressure measurements.
  • The researchers tested these horses under rest conditions, physiological stress, and a pharmacological challenge using N-butylscopolammonium bromide and metamizol sodium.
  • All resulting cardiac dimensions and functions were measured by an impartial observer and analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Research Findings

  • During both physiological stress and the pharmacological challenge, the horses’ mean heart rate and arterial blood pressure significantly increased when compared with rest.
  • Physiological stress resulted in an increase in left atrial fractional area change and left ventricular late diastolic radial wall motion velocity. However, most other echocardiographic variables remained unaffected.
  • The pharmacological challenge resulted in decreased left atrial and diastolic ventricular dimensions, increased aortic and pulmonary diameters, and ventricular wall thickness.

Conclusion

  • The research shows how stress, both physiological and pharmacological, can impact cardiac measurements in horses. Specifically, physiological stress with mildly increased heart rates significantly enhanced atrial pump function.
  • Moreover, larger heart rate and blood pressure increases during pharmacological challenge resulted in altered cardiac dimensions.
  • Therefore, when evaluating echocardiographic measurements at increased heart rates, these factors should be considered carefully.

Cite This Article

APA
Dufourni A, Buschmann E, Vernemmen I, Van Steenkiste G, van Loon G, Decloedt A. (2024). Effect of physiological and pharmacological stress on heart rate, blood pressure, and echocardiographic measurements in healthy Warmblood horses. J Vet Intern Med. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16967

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Dufourni, Alexander
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Buschmann, Eva
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Vernemmen, Ingrid
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Van Steenkiste, Glenn
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
van Loon, Gunther
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Decloedt, Annelies
  • Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Dufourni A, Demeyere M, Vernemmen I, Van Steenkiste G, Verhaeghe LM, van Loon G, Decloedt A. Effect of N-Butylscopolammonium Bromide and Metamizol Sodium on Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Echocardiographic Measurements in Warmblood Horses With Aortic and Mitral Valve Regurgitation. J Vet Intern Med 2025 Nov-Dec;39(6):e70254.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.70254pubmed: 41070729google scholar: lookup
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