Effectiveness of Simulated Horseback Riding for Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Abstract: A simulated horseback riding (SHR) exercise is effective for improvement of pain and functional disability, but its comparative effectiveness with the other is unknown. Objective: The authors aimed to demonstrate the effect of a SHR exercise in people with chronic low back pain. Methods: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Community and university campus. Methods: A total of 48 participants with chronic low back pain were divided into 2 groups, and SHR exercises (n = 24) or stabilization (STB) exercises (n = 24) were performed. Methods: The exercises were performed for 30 minutes, 2 days per week for 8 weeks. Methods: Numeric rating scale, functional disabilities (Oswestry disability index and Roland-Morris disability), and fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) scores were measured at baseline and at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 6 months. Results: A 2-way repeated analysis of variance identified that between-group comparisons showed significant differences in the FABQ related to work scale (F = 21.422; P = .01). There were no significant differences in the numeric rating scale (F = 1.696; P = .21), Oswestry disability index (F = 1.848; P = .20), Roland-Morris disability (F = 0.069; P = .80), and FABQ related to physical scale (F = 1.579; P = .24). In within-group comparisons, both groups presented significant differences in numeric rating scale (both SHR and STB after 4 wk), Oswestry disability index (both SHR and STB after 6 mo), and Roland-Morris disability (SHR after 6 mo and STB after 8 wk) compared with baseline values. In FABQ-related physical (SHR after 4 wk) and work scales (SHR after 6 mo), there were only significant differences in the SHR compared with baseline values. Conclusions: SHR exercise for 8 weeks had a greater effect than STB exercise for reducing work-related FABQ. The SHR exercise performed in a seated position could substantially decrease pain-related fear disability in young adults with chronic low back pain.
Publication Date: 2019-01-25 PubMed ID: 30676224DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0252Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
Summary
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The research study is an evaluation of the effectiveness of simulated horseback riding (SHR) exercises in comparison to stabilization exercises in reducing chronic low back pain in patients.
Research Methodology
- The research was a randomized controlled trial designed to investigate the impact of SHR exercises on individuals with chronic low back pain.
- The sample group included 48 participants who were split evenly into two groups. One group performed SHR exercises (n=24) and the other group performed stabilization exercises (STB) (n=24).
- Both types of exercises were carried out for 30 minutes, twice a week over a period of 8 weeks.
- The impact of the exercises was measured using a numeric rating scale, functional disabilities (Oswestry disability index and Roland-Morris disability), and fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) scores. These measurements were taken before the trial and then again at intervals of 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months.
Research Findings
- The results from the two-way repeated analysis of variance identified significant differences in the FABQ scores relating to the work scale (F = 21.422; P = .01) between the two groups.
- There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the numeric rating scale, Oswestry disability index, Roland-Morris disability and FABQ physical scale.
- When looking at changes in scores within each group, both groups showed significant differences in terms of the numeric rating scale, Oswestry disability index and Roland-Morris disability compared to their baseline scores.
- However, only the SHR group showed significant differences in FABQ-related physical and work scales compared with their baseline values.
Conclusions
- The research suggests that SHR exercises had a more pronounced effect than STB exercises in reducing work-related FABQ. Hence, SHR exercises may be more beneficial in reducing fear of pain that could hinder productivity at work in those with chronic low back pain.
- Therefore, SHR exercises could be a valuable intervention to reduce pain-related fear disability in young adults suffering from chronic low back pain.
Cite This Article
APA
Kim T, Lee J, Oh S, Kim S, Yoon B.
(2019).
Effectiveness of Simulated Horseback Riding for Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
J Sport Rehabil, 29(2), 179-185.
https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0252 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Adult
- Avoidance Learning
- Chronic Pain / psychology
- Chronic Pain / therapy
- Comparative Effectiveness Research
- Exercise Therapy / methods
- Female
- Humans
- Intention to Treat Analysis
- Low Back Pain / psychology
- Low Back Pain / therapy
- Male
- Recurrence
- Sitting Position
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Brea-Gómez B, Torres-Sánchez I, Ortiz-Rubio A, Calvache-Mateo A, Cabrera-Martos I, López-López L, Valenza MC. Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Nov 11;18(22).
- Hayden JA, Ellis J, Ogilvie R, Malmivaara A, van Tulder MW. Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Sep 28;9(9):CD009790.
- Park S, Park S, Min S, Kim CJ, Jee YS. A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Effects of Equine Simulator Riding on Low Back Pain, Morphological Changes, and Trunk Musculature in Elderly Women. Medicina (Kaunas) 2020 Nov 13;56(11).
- Collado-Mateo D, Lavín-Pérez AM, Fuentes García JP, García-Gordillo MÁ, Villafaina S. Effects of Equine-Assisted Therapies or Horse-Riding Simulators on Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicina (Kaunas) 2020 Aug 31;56(9).
- Owen PJ, Miller CT, Mundell NL, Verswijveren SJJM, Tagliaferri SD, Brisby H, Bowe SJ, Belavy DL. Which specific modes of exercise training are most effective for treating low back pain? Network meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2020 Nov;54(21):1279-1287.
- Lo HHM, Zhu M, Zou Z, Wong CL, Lo SHS, Chung VC, Wong SY, Sit RWS. Immersive and Nonimmersive Virtual Reality-Assisted Active Training in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2024 Aug 19;26:e48787.
- Ahn SE, Lee MY, Lee BH. Effects of Gluteal Muscle Strengthening Exercise-Based Core Stabilization Training on Pain and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024 May 23;60(6).
- Li R, Li Y, Kong Y, Li H, Hu D, Fu C, Wei Q. Virtual Reality-Based Training in Chronic Low Back Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Med Internet Res 2024 Feb 26;26:e45406.
- Jurak I, Delaš K, Erjavec L, Stare J, Locatelli I. Effects of Multidisciplinary Biopsychosocial Rehabilitation on Short-Term Pain and Disability in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review with Network Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023 Dec 4;12(23).
- Li Y, Yan L, Hou L, Zhang X, Zhao H, Yan C, Li X, Li Y, Chen X, Ding X. Exercise intervention for patients with chronic low back pain: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023;11:1155225.
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