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Home / Equine Research Bank / Parasitol Res / Efficacy of topical administration of prallethrin-permethrin...
Parasitology research2023; 122(12); 3139-3145; doi: 10.1007/s00436-023-08004-0

Efficacy of topical administration of prallethrin-permethrin-piperonyl butoxide (Bronco® Equine Fly Spray) for the treatment and control of flies and other nuisance insects of horses.

Abstract: Numerous biting and nuisance insects are a noted cause of discomfort and stress to horses. Pyrethrins and pyrethroids have been used for many years in numerous formulations for the control of insect pests in animals, humans and environment. There are, however, few studies reporting their field efficacy in horses. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the repellent activity of a spray formulation based on prallethrin and permethrin synergized with piperonyl butoxide (BRONCO® Equine Fly Spray, Farnam Companies, Inc., USA) against annoying and harmful insects for horses in field conditions. Nine horses of mixed breed were divided into 2 groups (treatment and control). Pre-treatment insect counts were compared to daily counts for 4 days post-treatment (pt). One minute after the administration of the product (day 0), all the horses were negative for the presence of insects. All counts up to the 6-h pt check remained negative for Hippobosca equina, tabanid flies and Simulium spp., showing 100% efficacy. This remained above 90% throughout the study. For the H. equina, the repellent efficacy remained > 99.7% for all 4 days pt, for tabanid flies > 93.3% and for Simulium spp. > 97.4%. The efficacy against Musca spp. decreased from 82.2% at day 0 to 62.2% at day 3. Treatment was well-tolerated. In conclusion, despite the low number of tested horses, Bronco® has demonstrated high insecticide and repellent efficacy and a good persistence, maintained for up to 4 days post-treatment, against the most common species of insects harmful for horses.
© 2023. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2023-11-03 PubMed ID: 37921904PubMed Central: PMC10667147DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08004-0Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates the effectiveness of an insect spray (containing prallethrin, permethrin, and piperonyl butoxide) in repelling harmful insects in horses under field conditions. It was observed that the spray was highly effective and persistent for up to four days after application.

Objective of the Research

  • This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and repellent activity of a particular spray formulation (Bronco® Equine Fly Spray) against harmful and annoying insects to horses in field conditions. The formulation includes prallethrin, permethrin synergized with piperonyl butoxide.

Research Methodology

  • Nine horses of mixed breed were split into two groups: a treatment group and a control group.
  • The presence of insects was recorded before the treatment and compared with daily counts for four days post-treatment.
  • A minute after the spray’s application (day 0), none of the horses had insects present.
  • Insect counts were recorded for up to six hours after the treatment for various insect species such as Hippobosca equina, tabanid flies, and Simulium spp..

Results of the Study

  • The treatment showed 100% efficacy in the immediate aftermath, with all horses remaining insect-free up to the six-hour mark post-treatment.
  • The repellent efficacy remained above 90% throughout the study. For H. equina, the repellent efficacy was over 99.7% through all four days after treatment, while it was more than 93.3% and 97.4% for tabanid flies and Simulium spp. respectively.
  • The effectiveness against Musca spp. decreased from 82.2% on day 0 to 62.2% on day 3.
  • The treatment was well-tolerated by all the horses.

Conclusion

  • Despite the small sample size of horses tested, the findings demonstrated that the Bronco® Equine Fly Spray has high insecticide and repellent efficacy.
  • The spray’s effectiveness was found to persist for up to four days post-treatment against the most common species of harmful insects for horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Genchi M, Kramer L, Valentini G, Allievi G, Ciuca L, Vismarra A. (2023). Efficacy of topical administration of prallethrin-permethrin-piperonyl butoxide (Bronco® Equine Fly Spray) for the treatment and control of flies and other nuisance insects of horses. Parasitol Res, 122(12), 3139-3145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-08004-0

Publication

Parasitology research
ISSN: 1432-1955
NlmUniqueID: 8703571
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 122
Issue: 12
Pages: 3139-3145

Researcher Affiliations

Genchi, Marco
  • Dipartimento Di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Parassitologia E Malattie Parassitarie, University of Parma, Via Del Taglio 10, Parma, Italy.
Kramer, Laura
  • Dipartimento Di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Parassitologia E Malattie Parassitarie, University of Parma, Via Del Taglio 10, Parma, Italy.
Valentini, Gaia
  • Maneggio Le Chianine Dei Tognoli, Via Castel Dell'Aquila, Gragnola, MS, Italy.
Allievi, Giulia
  • Maneggio Le Chianine Dei Tognoli, Via Castel Dell'Aquila, Gragnola, MS, Italy.
Ciuca, Lavinia
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Della Veterinaria, 1, Naples, Italy.
Vismarra, Alice
  • Dipartimento Di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Parassitologia E Malattie Parassitarie, University of Parma, Via Del Taglio 10, Parma, Italy. alice.vismarra@unipr.it.

MeSH Terms

  • Humans
  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Permethrin
  • Piperonyl Butoxide / pharmacology
  • Pyrethrins / pharmacology
  • Insecticides / pharmacology
  • Muscidae
  • Insect Repellents / pharmacology
  • Simuliidae
  • Administration, Topical

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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