Endurance Effort Affected Expression of Actinin 3 and Klotho Different Isoforms Basing on the Arabian Horses Model.
Abstract: Among numerous genes that have been a focus of equine genetic research, the (Klotho) and (Alpha-actinin-3) genes stand out due to their significant roles in muscle function and overall health, as well as performance ability. Previous studies on Arabian horses and other mammalians have shown that both and occur in different isoforms that seem to have different roles in metabolism. The main purpose of this present study was to describe different isoforms (, , , , , ) expression levels affected by the endurance effort in Arabian horses. Methods: Blood samples were taken from a group of = 10 Arabian horses taking part in a long-distance 120 km endurance ride. After RNA isolation and reverse transcription, real-time PCR was performed. The expression levels (Relative Quantity, RQ) were calculated using the delta-delta CT method. The results showed surprisingly large differences between different isoforms expression levels which brought us to the conclusion that both and genes are suitable genetic markers to measure endurance performance. Moreover, the correlation network analyses showed that the (myo-inositol oxygenase), (SH3 domain-containing ring finger 2) and (Troponin I2, fast skeletal type) genes are significantly involved in the endurance effort metabolism.
Publication Date: 2024-12-18 PubMed ID: 39766885PubMed Central: PMC11675530DOI: 10.3390/genes15121618Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research revolves around endurance exercises and their effects on Actinin-3 and Klotho gene expressions in Arabian horses. This was analyzed by sampling blood from horses participating in a long-distance endurance race and subsequently provides valuable insights into potentially useful genetic markers for endurance performance.
Research Objective and Methodology
- The primary aim of the study was to explore how endurance exercise impacts the expression levels of different isoforms of Klotho and Alpha-actinin-3 genes in Arabian horses. The genes hold substantial significance due to their crucial roles in muscle functioning and performance ability that directly affects the overall health of the horse.
- The potential assumption was that both the genes occur in different isoforms that might contribute to metabolism in distinct roles, a hypothesis based on previous findings in research on Arabian horses and other mammals.
- To conduct the experiment, blood samples were taken from ten Arabian horses involved in a 120 km long endurance ride. Post collecting the samples, RNA was isolated and reversed transcribed, followed by a real-time PCR. The expression levels, or the Relative Quantity (RQ), were then calculated by using the delta-delta CT method.
Key Findings
- The results exhibited a significant difference between different isoform expression levels. This was a surprise, delineating crucial insights into endurance exercise’s impact on the genes.
- This led to the crucial conclusion that both Klotho and Alpha-actinin-3 genes could serve as appropriate genetic markers to assess endurance performance.
- Moreover, correlation network analyses suggested that other genes such as myo-inositol oxygenase, SH3 domain-containing ring finger 2, and Troponin I2, the fast skeletal type, were substantively involved in endurance effort metabolism.
Implications
- The study contributes significantly to our understanding of endurance performance’s genetic component and will aid in potential future efforts to breed or train horses for endurance events effectively.
- The isoforms of both the genes may play a vital role in designing performance-based diet and exercise routine for endurance horses.
- Furthermore, the findings provide a foundation for similar research in other animals and even humans, thereby envisioning a broader scope of potential applications.
Cite This Article
APA
Myćka G, Ropka-Molik K, Cywińska A, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M.
(2024).
Endurance Effort Affected Expression of Actinin 3 and Klotho Different Isoforms Basing on the Arabian Horses Model.
Genes (Basel), 15(12), 1618.
https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15121618 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 Street, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 Street, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1 Street, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 Street, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horses / genetics
- Actinin / genetics
- Actinin / metabolism
- Protein Isoforms / genetics
- Protein Isoforms / metabolism
- Physical Endurance / genetics
- Klotho Proteins / metabolism
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Male
Grant Funding
- 501-180-811 / National Research Institute of Animal Production
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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