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Equine veterinary journal2023; doi: 10.1111/evj.14011

Evaluation of glutaraldehyde coagulation test and colostrum BRIX refractometer compared with SNAP foal IgG test in neonatal foals.

Abstract: Prompt diagnosis of passive transfer failure in the neonatal period is important for early treatment. Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of serum glutaraldehyde coagulation test (GCT) and colostrum BRIX% for failure to transfer passive immunity (FTPI) diagnosis with the results of SNAP foal test and to evaluate the results of serum GCT and colostrum BRIX% measurements in foals with diarrhoea in the 0-1 month period. Methods: In vitro experiments. Methods: Excess serum and colostrum (n: 298) from samples collected from newborn foals and their dams for clinical purposes were used. Foals were classified as FTPI positive (IgG < 8 g/L) or negative (IgG ≥ 8 g/L) using the SNAP foal test. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of serum GCT and colostrum BRIX % for diagnosing FTPI in all foals and in the sub-group of foals which developed diarrhoea within the first month of life was noted. The relationships between the results of the serum GCT and colostrum BRIX% and diarrhoea in foals with and without FTPI were evaluated. Results: Serum GCT and colostrum BRIX % were statistically significantly different (p 10, sensitivity was 100% (95% CI 92.9%-100%) and specificity 100% (98.3%-100%) while with a cut-off value of ≤24, with colostrum BRIX% of ≤24 sensitivity was 92% (80.9%-97.8%), and specificity was 98% (95.3-99.3). In the sub-group of foals without FTPI using a colostrum BRIX% cut-off value of ≤26 the sensitivity for prediction of diarrhoea in the 0-1 month period was only 72.4% (52.8-87.3, p < 0.001) with specificity 54.3% (47.6-61.1) but the test performance was not robust (ROC AUC 0.61). Conclusions: The number of repeated measurements in the evaluation of serum GCT, and colostrum BRIX% was low. More clinical problems could be examined. Conclusions: The serum GCT, and colostrum BRIX%, both economical and practical to use in the field, gave results comparable with the SNAP foal IgG test. The ability to accurately predict diarrhoea in the first month of life with these tests was limited. Unassigned: Être capable de diagnostiquer rapidement un défaut de transfert d'immunité passive en période néonatale est primordial au prompt traitement des poulains. Objective: Comparer la performance diagnostique du test de coagulation au glutaraldéhyde sur sérum (GCT) et du BRIX du colostrum pour le diagnostic de défaut de transfert d'immunité passive (FTPI) avec les résultats de test SNAP Foal. Évaluer les résultats de GCT sur sérum et les mesures de colostrum BRIX chez les poulains âgés de 0-1 mois d'âge souffrant de diarrhée. TYPE D'ÉTUDE: Étude in vitro. MÉTHODES: Les excédents de sérum et colostrum (N = 298) provenant de poulains nouveaux-nés et leur mère à partir d'échantillons cliniques ont été sauvegardés. Les poulains ont été divisés en deux groupes: FTPI négatifs (IgG ≥ 8 g/L) et positifs (IgG ≤ 8 g/L). La spécificité et la sensibilité de GCT sur sérum et le % BRIX du colostrum ont été comparés pour diagnostiquer les défauts de transfert d'immunité passive chez tous les poulains, incluant le sous-groupe ayant développé de la diarrhée. En parallèle, le développement de diarrhée chez les poulains jusqu'à 1 mois d'âge a été noté. La relation entre les résultats de GCT sur sérum et le % BRIX du colostrum et la diarrhée chez les poulains souffrant de diarrhée avec ou sans défaut de transfert d'immunité passive a été évaluée. RÉSULTATS: Le GCT sur sérum et le % BRIX du colostrum ont montré une différence statistiquement significative (p 10, la sensibilité était de 100% (95% IC 92.9%-100%) et la spécificité de 100% également (98.3%-100%). Avec une valeur seuil à ≤24, avec une valeur au colostrum BRIX% de ≤24, la sensibilité était de 92% (80.9%-97.8%) et la spécificité de 98% (95.3%-99.3%). Dans le groupe de poulains sans défaut de transfert d'immunité passive, en utilisant une valeur seuil de ≤26, la sensibilité pour la détection de diarrhée durant la période de 0-1 mois d'âge était seulement de 72.4% (52.8-87.3%, p < 0.001) avec une spécificité de 54.3% (47.6%-61.1%), mais la performance du teste n'était considérée robuste (ROC AUC 0.61). Unassigned: Le nombre de mesures répétées lors de l'évaluation de GCT sur sérum et du % BRIX de colostrum était bas. Davantage de paramètres pourraient être ajoutés. Conclusions: Le GCT sur sérum et le % BRIX de colostrum, tous deux économique et facile à utiliser en pratique, ont donné des résultats comparables aux résultats de SNAP Foal pour les immunoglobulines G.
© 2023 The Authors. Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2023-10-01 PubMed ID: 37778870DOI: 10.1111/evj.14011Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research study investigates the effectiveness of serum glutaraldehyde coagulation test (GCT) and colostrum BRIX% in diagnosing failure to transfer passive immunity (FTPI) in newborn foals compared to the SNAP Foal IgG test. The study also evaluated the results of serum GCT and colostrum BRIX% in foals with diarrhoea within the first month.

Methods

  • The study was conducted in vitro, using excess serum and colostrum collected from newborn foals and their mothers.
  • A total of 298 samples were evaluated, with foals classified as either positive or negative for FTPI based on the SNAP Foal IgG Test.
  • The researchers compared the sensitivity and specificity of serum GCT and colostrum BRIX% in diagnosing FTPI, as well as their relationship to cases of diarrhoea within the first month of life.

Results

  • The study found statistically significant differences, as measured by serum GCT and colostrum BRIX%, between foals with and without FTPI as classified by the SNAP test.
  • Using a serum GCT cut-off of >10, sensitivity was found to be 100%, and specificity also 100%.
  • But when using a colostrum BRIX% cut-off of ≤24, sensitivity was slightly lower at 92%, even though specificity remained high at 98%.
  • However, the predictive value of these tests for identifying foals which developed diarrhoea within the first month of life was limited. Specifically, using a colostrum BRIX% cut-off of ≤26, the sensitivity for predicting diarrhoea was only 72.4%, with specificity at 54.3%.

Conclusions

  • The study concluded that while the number of repeated measurements in the evaluation of serum GCT and colostrum BRIX% was low and more clinical parameters could be included, the results of these tests proved to be comparable to the more expensive SNAP Foal IgG test.
  • Despite the promising results, however, the study also underlined the fact that the ability of these tests to accurately predict cases of diarrhoea within the first month of life was limited.

Cite This Article

APA
Kasap S, Babaeski S, Yildirim KN, Orman A, Temizel EM, Kennerman E. (2023). Evaluation of glutaraldehyde coagulation test and colostrum BRIX refractometer compared with SNAP foal IgG test in neonatal foals. Equine Vet J. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14011

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Kasap, Sevim
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
Babaeski, Serdar
  • Mahmudiye Stud and Breeding Station of Turkish Jockey Club, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Yildirim, Kubra Nur
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
Orman, Abdulkadir
  • Department of Zootechnics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
Temizel, Ethem Mutlu
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
Kennerman, Engin
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.

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