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Home / Equine Research Bank / Int J Mol Sci / Expression of Cannabinoid Receptors in the Trigeminal Gangli...
International journal of molecular sciences2023; 24(21); 15949; doi: 10.3390/ijms242115949

Expression of Cannabinoid Receptors in the Trigeminal Ganglion of the Horse.

Abstract: Cannabinoid receptors are expressed in human and animal trigeminal sensory neurons; however, the expression in the equine trigeminal ganglion is unknown. Ten trigeminal ganglia from five horses were collected post-mortem from an abattoir. The expression of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R), and the cannabinoid-related receptors like transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARɣ), and G protein-related receptor 55 (GPR55) in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of the horse were studied, using immunofluorescence on cryosections and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections. Neurons and glial cells were identified using fluorescent Nissl staining NeuroTrace and an antibody directed against the glial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), respectively. Macrophages were identified by means of an antibody directed against the macrophages/microglia marker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1). The protein expression of CB1R, CB2R, TRPV1, and PPARɣ was found in the majority of TG neurons in both cryosections and FFPE sections. The expression of GPR55 immunoreactivity was mainly detectable in FFPE sections, with expression in the majority of sensory neurons. Some receptors were also observed in glial cells (CB2R, TRPV1, PPARγ, and GPR55) and inflammatory cells (PPARγ and GPR55). These results support further investigation of such receptors in disorders of equine trigeminal neuronal excitability.
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Publication Date: 2023-11-03 PubMed ID: 37958932PubMed Central: PMC10648827DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115949Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper explores the presence of cannabinoid receptors in the trigeminal ganglia, a bundle of nerves in the horse’s head. These receptors were confirmed to exist in a majority of the nervous cells examined through various staining and immunofluorescence techniques.

Research Methodology and Techniques

  • The study was done on ten trigeminal ganglia collected post-mortem from five horses sourced from an abattoir.
  • The researchers were focused on identifying the expression of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R), along with other receptors such as transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARɣ), and G protein-related receptor 55 (GPR55) in the horse’s trigeminal ganglia.
  • They used immunofluorescence on cryosections and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections, techniques commonly used in neuropathology to visualize and study cell structures and functions.
  • Neurons and glial cells, two types of brain cells, were identified using fluorescent Nissl staining NeuroTrace and an antibody against the glial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), respectively.
  • Macrophages, a type of immune cell, were identified using an antibody directed against macrophages/microglia marker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1).

Findings of the Research

  • The study revealed that CB1R, CB2R, TRPV1, and PPARɣ proteins were found in the majority of trigeminal ganglia neurons in both cryosections and FFPE sections.
  • The researchers also noticed that the expression of GPR55 immunoreactivity was mainly detectable in FFPE sections, with its expression present in the majority of the sensory neurons.
  • In addition to neurons, glial cells also showed evidence of some receptors (CB2R, TRPV1, PPARγ, and GPR55), with the presence of these receptors also found in certain inflammatory cells (PPARγ and GPR55).

Implications of the Research

  • The recognition of these receptor types in the horse’s trigeminal ganglia is significant as it could highlight the potential therapeutic value of cannabinoids and related substances in the treatment of disorders associated with equine trigeminal neuronal excitability.
  • As these cannabinoid receptors are expressed in both human and animal trigeminal sensory neurons, findings from this research could also have extended implications for therapeutic interventions for pain or inflammation in other mammals, including humans.

Cite This Article

APA
Zamith Cunha R, Semprini A, Salamanca G, Gobbo F, Morini M, Pickles KJ, Roberts V, Chiocchetti R. (2023). Expression of Cannabinoid Receptors in the Trigeminal Ganglion of the Horse. Int J Mol Sci, 24(21), 15949. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115949

Publication

International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
NlmUniqueID: 101092791
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 24
Issue: 21
PII: 15949

Researcher Affiliations

Zamith Cunha, Rodrigo
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 37200 Bologna, Italy.
Semprini, Alberto
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 37200 Bologna, Italy.
Salamanca, Giulia
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 37200 Bologna, Italy.
Gobbo, Francesca
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 37200 Bologna, Italy.
Morini, Maria
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 37200 Bologna, Italy.
Pickles, Kirstie J
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK.
Roberts, Veronica
  • Bristol Vet School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK.
Chiocchetti, Roberto
  • Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 37200 Bologna, Italy.

MeSH Terms

  • Humans
  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Receptors, Cannabinoid / metabolism
  • Trigeminal Ganglion / metabolism
  • PPAR gamma / metabolism
  • Neurons / metabolism
  • Neuroglia / metabolism
  • TRPV Cation Channels / genetics
  • TRPV Cation Channels / metabolism

Grant Funding

  • 2023 / Formula Swiss AG, Swiss

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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