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Fetal maceration and partial retention of fetal bones in 2 mares.

Abstract: Pregnancy loss after Day 40 in mares usually results in the expulsion (abortion) of the fetus and placental membranes. However, fetal retention within the uterus is also a possible outcome, leading to either fetal mummification or maceration. Fetal maceration is septic decomposition of fetal tissues within the uterus following failure of expulsion. It requires the presence of bacteria and oxygen within the uterus, likely originating from an open cervix, and results in tissue autolysis, leaving only fetal bones remaining in the mare. Fetal maceration is a rare complication of pregnancy in mares that is usually associated with a recent history of abortion, a persistent vaginal discharge, and retention of numerous fetal bones. Here, we report 2 cases of fetal maceration with retention of only a few fetal bones in mares that were presented without noticeable clinical signs. Key clinical message: The unusual presentation of fetal maceration in these mares (only a few fetal bones and no noticeable clinical signs) brings attention to the potential insidious nature of fetal retention. It highlights the importance of a thorough reproductive examination before breeding, along with careful and ongoing monitoring after breeding and throughout pregnancy. . L’interruption de gestation après le Jour 40 chez les juments résulte généralement par l’expulsion (avortement) du fœtus et des membranes fœtales. Toutefois, une rétention fœtale dans l’utérus est également un résultat possible, entraînant soit une momification ou une macération fœtale. La macération fœtale est la décomposition septique des tissus fœtaux à l’intérieur de l’utérus à la suite d’un échec d’expulsion. Elle nécessite la présence de bactéries et d’oxygène dans l’utérus, résultant probablement d’une ouverture du cervix, et résulte en une autolyse des tissus, laissant uniquement des os fœtaux à l’intérieur de la jument. La macération fœtale est une complication rare de la gestation chez les juments qui est généralement associée avec une histoire récente d’avortement, une décharge vaginale persistante, et la rétention de nombreux os fœtaux. Nous rapportons ici 2 cas de macération fœtale avec rétention de seulement quelques os chez des juments présentées avec aucun signe clinique notable.Message clinique clé :La présentation inhabituelle de macération fœtale chez ces juments (uniquement quelques os fœtaux et aucun signe clinque notable) met en lumière la nature potentiellement insidieuse de la rétention fœtale. Elle souligne l’importance d’un examen reproducteur complet avant l’accouplement, avec un suivi minutieux et continu après l’accouplement et durant toute la gestation.(Traduit par D Serge Messier).
Publication Date: 2024-02-02 PubMed ID: 38304478PubMed Central: PMC10783584
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Summary

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This study discusses two rare cases in horses where a loss of pregnancy led to emaciation of the fetus within the uterus, a process termed as ‘fetal maceration’. Exceptionally, only few bones were retained and no symptoms were noticed which emphasizes the need for thorough check-ups during the breeding period.

Understanding Fetal Maceration

  • Fetal maceration is a complication arising from the loss of pregnancy after the 40th day, which is typically characterised by abortion i.e., expulsion of the fetus and placental membranes.
  • It occurs when the fetus is retained within the uterus, leading to septic decomposition of fetal tissues due to the presence of bacteria and oxygen.
  • This process usually begins when the cervix is open, causing an autolysis of tissues, such that only fetal bones remain within the uterus.
  • Fetal maceration, marked by associated symptoms such as a history of abortion, consistent vaginal discharge, and retention of many fetal bones, is a rare occurrence.

Case Studies of Fetal Maceration

  • The report presents two instances of fetal maceration in mares where only a few fetal bones were retained. This is an unusual occurrence, as typically numerous bones are found in such cases.
  • These cases didn’t showcase any noticeable clinical symptoms, which makes them unique, hence bringing attention to the potentially undetectable nature of fetal retention.

Importance of Regular Monitoring and Examination

  • These cases underline the importance of a thorough reproductive examination before breeding, due to the potential complications that can arise, such as fetal maceration.
  • They also highlight how critical it is to engage in careful monitoring post-breeding and throughout the pregnancy. This can ensure early detection and intervention of any complications.

Cite This Article

APA
Morrissey J, Pinsky T, Roy MF. (2024). Fetal maceration and partial retention of fetal bones in 2 mares. Can Vet J, 65(2), 133-137.

Publication

ISSN: 0008-5286
NlmUniqueID: 0004653
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 65
Issue: 2
Pages: 133-137

Researcher Affiliations

Morrissey, Jennifer
  • Burwash Equine Services, 252140 Range Road 42, Calgary, Alberta T3Z 2J8 (Morrissey, Pinsky); University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Roy).
Pinsky, Tova
  • Burwash Equine Services, 252140 Range Road 42, Calgary, Alberta T3Z 2J8 (Morrissey, Pinsky); University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Roy).
Roy, Marie-France
  • Burwash Equine Services, 252140 Range Road 42, Calgary, Alberta T3Z 2J8 (Morrissey, Pinsky); University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Roy).

MeSH Terms

  • Pregnancy
  • Female
  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Placenta
  • Fetus / diagnostic imaging
  • Uterus
  • Fetal Death
  • Horse Diseases / diagnostic imaging
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology

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Citations

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