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Veterinary world2022; 15(3); 765-774; doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.765-774

First study on diversity and antimicrobial-resistant profile of staphylococci in sports animals of Southern Thailand.

Abstract: Staphylococci are commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens found on the skin and mucosa. Sports animals are more prone to injury and illness, and we believe that antimicrobial agents might be extensively used for the treatment and cause the existence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and AMR profile of staphylococci in sports animals (riding horses, fighting bulls, and fighting cocks) in South Thailand. Unassigned: Nasal (57 fighting bulls and 33 riding horses) and skin swabs (32 fighting cocks) were taken from 122 animals. Staphylococci were cultured in Mannitol Salt Agar and then identified species by biochemical tests using the VITEK® 2 card for Gram-positive organisms in conjunction with the VITEK® 2 COMPACT machine and genotypic identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed with VITEK® 2 AST-GN80 test kit cards and VITEK® 2 COMPACT machine. Detection of AMR genes (mecA, mecC, and blaZ) and staphylococcal chromosomal mec (SCCmec) type was evaluated by PCR. Unassigned: Forty-one colonies of staphylococci were isolated, and six species were identified, including Staphylococcus sciuri (61%), Staphylococcus pasteuri (15%), Staphylococcus cohnii (10%), Staphylococcus aureus (7%), Staphylococcus warneri (5%), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (2%). Staphylococci were highly resistant to two drug classes, penicillin (93%) and cephalosporin (51%). About 56% of the isolates were methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), and the majority was S. sciuri (82%), which is primarily found in horses. Most MRS (82%) were multidrug-resistant. Almost all (96%) of the mecA-positive MRS harbored the blaZ gene. Almost all MRS isolates possessed an unknown type of SCCmec. Interestingly, the AMR rate was notably lower in fighting bulls and cocks than in riding horses, which may be related to the owner's preference for herbal therapy over antimicrobial drugs. Unassigned: This study presented many types of staphylococci displayed on bulls, cocks, and horses. However, we found a high prevalence of MRS in horses that could be transmitted to owners through close contact activities and might be a source of AMR genotype transmission to other staphylococci.
Copyright: © Fungwithaya, et al.
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Publication Date: 2022-03-29 PubMed ID: 35497942PubMed Central: PMC9047138DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.765-774Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The study is about exploring the diversity and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of several species of staphylococci (a kind of bacteria), found in sports animals in southern Thailand.

Research Purpose

  • The main objective of this research was to understand the diversity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) characteristics of various staphylococci found on sports animals such as riding horses, fighting bulls, and fighting cocks
  • Since sports animals are susceptible to injuries and ailments, they are frequently exposed to antimicrobial agents which might then, in turn, contribute to the development of AMR bacteria

Method

  • To identify the staphylococci, the researchers took nasal and skin swabs from a total of 122 animals (57 fighting bulls, 33 riding horses, and 32 fighting cocks)
  • These samples were cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar and the species identified using biochemical tests and the VITEK® 2 card for Gram-positive organisms. Molecular genetic identification was also performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques
  • The susceptibility of these organisms to antimicrobials was assessed using the VITEK® 2 AST-GN80 test kit and the detection of specific AMR genes was done using PCR.

Results

  • A variety of staphylococci species were identified, but most were Staphylococcus sciuri. This particular bacterium was primarily found in horses
  • High resistance rates were observed for two groups of antibiotics, penicillins and cephalosporins
  • Over half of the isolates tested positive for methicillin-resistance, and the majority of these were also resistant to multiple drug types (multidrug-resistant)
  • Nearly all of the methicillin-resistant strains also carried the blaZ gene. The type of staphylococcal chromosomal mec (SCCmec) carried by these strains was largely unknown
  • A lower antimicrobial resistance rate was observed in fighting bulls and fighting cocks as opposed to horses, which the researchers suspect could be due to the animals’ owners preferring herbal treatments over antimicrobial ones

Conclusion

  • Various types of bacteria were found in the assessed animals, with a particularly high prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) seen in horses
  • The study raises concerns about the potential for transmission of resistant bacteria to humans, especially those in close contact with the animals

Cite This Article

APA
Fungwithaya P, Boonchuay K, Narinthorn R, Sontigun N, Sansamur C, Petcharat Y, Thomrongsuwannakij T, Wongtawan T. (2022). First study on diversity and antimicrobial-resistant profile of staphylococci in sports animals of Southern Thailand. Vet World, 15(3), 765-774. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.765-774

Publication

Veterinary world
ISSN: 0972-8988
NlmUniqueID: 101504872
Country: India
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Pages: 765-774

Researcher Affiliations

Fungwithaya, Punpichaya
  • Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160.
  • Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160.
  • Excellence Centre for Melioidosis and Other Microorganisms, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160.
Boonchuay, Kanpapat
  • Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160.
Narinthorn, Ruethai
  • Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160.
Sontigun, Narin
  • Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160.
  • Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160.
  • Excellence Centre for Melioidosis and Other Microorganisms, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160.
Sansamur, Chalutwan
  • Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160.
  • Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160.
Petcharat, Yotsapat
  • Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160.
Thomrongsuwannakij, Thotsapol
  • Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160.
  • Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160.
Wongtawan, Tuempong
  • Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160.
  • Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160.
  • Excellence Centre for Melioidosis and Other Microorganisms, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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