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Home / Equine Research Bank / Sci Rep / Founder-specific inbreeding depression affects racing perfor...
Scientific reports2018; 8(1); 6167; doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24663-x

Founder-specific inbreeding depression affects racing performance in Thoroughbred horses.

Abstract: The Thoroughbred horse has played an important role in both sporting and economic aspects of society since the establishment of the breed in the 1700s. The extensive pedigree and phenotypic information available for the Thoroughbred horse population provides a unique opportunity to examine the effects of 300 years of selective breeding on genetic load. By analysing the relationship between inbreeding and racing performance of 135,572 individuals, we found that selective breeding has not efficiently alleviated the Australian Thoroughbred population of its genetic load. However, we found evidence for purging in the population that might have improved racing performance over time. Over 80% of inbreeding in the contemporary population is accounted for by a small number of ancestors from the foundation of the breed. Inbreeding to these ancestors has variable effects on fitness, demonstrating that an understanding of the distribution of genetic load is important in improving the phenotypic value of a population in the future. Our findings hold value not only for Thoroughbred and other domestic breeds, but also for small and endangered populations where such comprehensive information is not available.
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Publication Date: 2018-04-18 PubMed ID: 29670190PubMed Central: PMC5906619DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24663-xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigated the effects of inbreeding and selective breeding on the racing performance in Thoroughbred horses, revealing that despite continued selection, pockets of genetic load persist, meaning that inbreeding depression can still affect performance. However, the research also found that purging of this genetic load may have improved horse racing performance over time.

Understanding Inbreeding

  • Inbreeding refers to the mating of close relatives, which can lead to an increased risk of genetic disorders. This phenomenon, referred to as inbreeding depression, is due to the potential for harmful recessive alleles to be paired up in the offspring of closely related parents.
  • To understand the impact of inbreeding on Thoroughbred horses, the researchers looked at the racing performance of 135,572 individuals. The large sample size and extensive records for this breed made it possible to examine the effects of inbreeding over a period of 300 years.

Inbreeding and Performance in Thoroughbred Horses

  • The results revealed that despite selective breeding practices aiming to enhance favorable traits and eliminate detrimental ones, inbreeding depression still affects the racing performance of Thoroughbred horses.
  • Interestingly, the study found that over 80% of inbreeding in current Thoroughbred horses can be traced back to a small number of ancestors from the foundation of the breed. This demonstrates the importance of understanding the role specific ancestors play in determining contemporary genetic load, as inbreeding to these specific ancestors tends to have variable effects on overall fitness.

The Concept of Purging

  • The concept of purging refers to the removal of deleterious alleles from a population through the increase in homozygosity due to inbreeding, which can lead to a rise in the fitness of a population over time.
  • The study found evidence of purging occurring within the Thoroughbred horse population, suggesting that despite the presence of inbreeding depression, the overall fitness and racing performance of the breed may have improved over time due to the elimination of some undesirable genetic traits.

Broad Implications of the Findings

  • The information derived from this research is highly beneficial not only for enhancing the performance and genetic health of Thoroughbred horses, but also for other domestic breeds.
  • Moreover, the insights gained may hold significant value for small and endangered species where less comprehensive information is available, showcasing the possibility of implementing similar genetic management strategies for these populations.

Cite This Article

APA
Todd ET, Ho SYW, Thomson PC, Ang RA, Velie BD, Hamilton NA. (2018). Founder-specific inbreeding depression affects racing performance in Thoroughbred horses. Sci Rep, 8(1), 6167. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24663-x

Publication

Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
NlmUniqueID: 101563288
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Pages: 6167
PII: 6167

Researcher Affiliations

Todd, Evelyn T
  • School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. evelyn.todd@sydney.edu.au.
Ho, Simon Y W
  • School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Thomson, Peter C
  • School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Ang, Rachel A
  • School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Velie, Brandon D
  • Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
Hamilton, Natasha A
  • School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Athletic Performance
  • Australia
  • Female
  • Founder Effect
  • Genetic Association Studies
  • Horses
  • Inbreeding
  • Inbreeding Depression
  • Male
  • Pedigree

Conflict of Interest Statement

Data was provided by Racing Australia and The Australian Stud Book.

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Citations

This article has been cited 38 times.
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