Free radical formation after intensive exercise in thoroughbred skeletal muscles.
Abstract: Although high oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle may result in severe oxidative stress, there are no direct studies that have documented free radical production in horse muscles after intensive exercise. To find a new parameter indicating the muscle adaptation state for the training of Thoroughbred horses, we examined free radical formation in the muscle by using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Ten male Thoroughbred horses received conventional training for 18 weeks. Before and after the training period, all horses performed an exhaustive incremental load exercise on a 6% incline treadmill. Muscle samples of the middle gluteal muscle were taken pre-exercise and 1 min, 1 hr, and 1 day after exercise. Muscle fiber type composition was also determined in the pre-exercise samples by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody to myosin heavy chain. We measured the free radical in the muscle homogenate using EPR at room temperature, and the amount was expressed as relative EPR signal intensity. There was a significant increase in Type IIA muscle fiber composition and a decrease in Type IIX fiber composition after the training period. Before the training period, the mean value of the relative EPR signal intensity showed a significant increase over the pre-exercise value at 1 min after the exercise and an incomplete recovery at 24 hr after the exercise. While no significant changes were found in the relative EPR signal intensity after the training period. There was a significant relationship between percentages of Type IIA fiber and change rates in EPR signal intensity at 1 min after exercise. The measurement of free radicals may be useful for determining the muscle adaptation state in the training of Thoroughbred horses.
Publication Date: 2011-07-20 PubMed ID: 24833984PubMed Central: PMC4013973DOI: 10.1294/jes.22.21Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article focuses on the formation of free radicals in the muscles of Thoroughbred horses following intense exercise and how it acts as a marker of muscle adaptation during the training period.
Objective of the Study
- The main objective of this study was to investigate the production of free radicals in the skeletal muscles of Thoroughbred horses following high-intensity exercise. This was done using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) with the aim of finding new parameters to assess muscle adaptation in response to regular training.
Methodology
- The research involved ten male Thoroughbred horses, all of which underwent traditional training for 18 weeks.
- The horses were subjected to exhaustive incremental load exercise on a 6% incline treadmill before and after the 18-week training period.
- Researchers collected samples from the middle gluteal muscle at various time intervals – before exercise, 1 minute post-exercise, 1 hour post-exercise, and 1 day post-exercise.
- Additionally, the type of muscle fiber was also identified in the pre-exercise samples by conducting an immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody to myosin heavy chain.
- The amount of free radicals produced in the muscle was determined by EPR at room temperature and expressed as relative EPR signal intensity.
Findings and Conclusion
- The observations revealed a significant increase in Type IIA muscle fiber composition and a decrease in Type IIX fiber composition after the training period.
- There was a distinct increase in the relative EPR signal intensity approximately 1 minute after exercise and an incomplete recovery even 24 hours post-exercise prior to training. However, no significant changes were observed post-training.
- The study also found a significant correlation between the percentage of Type IIA fiber and change rates in EPR signal intensity 1 minute after exercise.
- The research concludes that the measurement of free radicals can act as a useful determinant of the muscle adaptation state in Thoroughbred horses during training, providing a unique and effective parameter for assessing the impact of intense exercise on horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Minami Y, Kawai M, Migita TC, Hiraga A, Miyata H.
(2011).
Free radical formation after intensive exercise in thoroughbred skeletal muscles.
J Equine Sci, 22(2), 21-28.
https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.22.21 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Biological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Japan.
- Biological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Japan.
- Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
- The Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 321-4 Tokami-cho, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0856, Japan.
- Biological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Japan.
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Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Wang Y, Chen M, Gao Y, He K, Yang Z, Li Y, Zhang S, Zhao L. Effect of one-time high load exercise on skeletal muscle injury in rats of different genders: oxidative stress and mitochondrial responses. Acta Cir Bras 2022;37(8):e370805.
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