Gag genetic heterogeneity of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) in naturally infected horses in Canada.
Abstract: Gag genetic heterogeneity of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) variants in naturally infected horses in Canada was studied since very limited information is available on the variability of EIAV Gag sequences in public database. A phylogenetic analysis based on 414nts of Gag gene sequences amplified by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed the distinct divergence of these variants compared to other published strains in a corresponding region. Significant predicted amino acid sequence variations were also identified in an immunorelevant region within this fragment which corresponded to a previously characterized cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) epitope cluster (EC2, aa 77-119). Furthermore, alignment of the predicted full-length Gag protein gene sequences of some of these variants associated with clinical cases of EIA in Canada with the published sequences of EIAV originating from other countries revealed conserved and variant sequences in regions corresponding to other characterized CTL epitope clusters, EC1, EC3 and EC4. Conserved sequences identified among different variant strains might have an important implication for their screening and selection of putative peptide epitopes to mediate relevant immune response and cross protection against divergent field strains of EIAV.
Publication Date: 2007-09-04 PubMed ID: 17767972DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.07.013Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article explores the genetic diversity of the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) in horses in Canada, identifying significant variations in sequences associated with immune response and examining the potential implications for identifying potential defense strategies against the virus.
Objective and Methodology
- The main aim of the study was to investigate the genetic diversity of EIAV in naturally infected horses in Canada due to the limited available data on EIAV Gag gene sequences.
- Through a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the researchers were able to amplify the Gag gene sequences of the virus, covering a sequence length of 414 nucleotides.
- They then used this data to conduct a phylogenetic analysis to determine the genetic divergence of these variants from other known strains.
Findings and Analysis
- The analysis indicated a clear divergence of the studied variants from other published strains in a corresponding region of gene sequences.
- Significant variations in the amino acid sequence were also identified within the fragment studied. The variations were located within an immunorelevant region that corresponds to a previously characterized cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) epitope cluster known as EC2.
- The full-length Gag protein gene sequences of some of the variants linked to EIA clinical cases in Canada were aligned with published sequences of EIAV from other countries. The comparison revealed both conserved and changed sequences in regions corresponding to other characterized CTL epitope clusters, specifically EC1, EC3, and EC4.
Interpretations and Implications
- Identified conserved sequences suggest a level of genetic stability among the different EIAV variant strains, providing key insights for the development of potential diagnostic and treatment strategies.
- These conserved sequences could guide the selection of peptide epitopes to trigger an immune response and cross-protection against diverse field strains of EIAV. This implies that the findings of this study may contribute to the development of enhanced screening tools and immunotherapies for EIAV.
Cite This Article
APA
Nagarajan MM, Simard C.
(2007).
Gag genetic heterogeneity of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) in naturally infected horses in Canada.
Virus Res, 129(2), 228-235.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2007.07.013 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- St-Hyacinthe Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 8E3, Canada. nagarajanmm@inspection.gc.ca
MeSH Terms
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Canada / epidemiology
- Equine Infectious Anemia / epidemiology
- Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
- Gene Products, gag / chemistry
- Genes, gag
- Genetic Variation
- Horses
- Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Alignment
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Lupulovic D, Savić S, Gaudaire D, Berthet N, Grgić Ž, Matović K, Deshiere A, Hans A. Identification and genetic characterization of equine infectious anemia virus in Western Balkans.. BMC Vet Res 2021 Apr 15;17(1):168.
- Alnaeem AA, Hemida MG. Surveillance of the equine infectious anemia virus in Eastern and Central Saudi Arabia during 2014-2016.. Vet World 2019 May;12(5):719-723.
- Zhang Z, Ma J, Zhang X, Su C, Yao QC, Wang X. Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Gag Assembly and Export Are Directed by Matrix Protein through trans-Golgi Networks and Cellular Vesicles.. J Virol 2016 Feb 15;90(4):1824-38.
- Malik P, Singha H, Goyal SK, Khurana SK, Kumar R, Virmani N, Shanmugasundaram K, Pandey SB, Kant R, Singh BK, Singh RK. Sero-surveillance of equine infectious anemia virus in equines in India during more than a decade (1999-2012).. Indian J Virol 2013 Dec;24(3):386-90.
- Singha H, Goyal SK, Malik P, Khurana SK, Singh RK. Development, evaluation, and laboratory validation of immunoassays for the diagnosis of equine infectious anemia (EIA) using recombinant protein produced from a synthetic p26 gene of EIA virus.. Indian J Virol 2013 Dec;24(3):349-56.
- Wang X, Wang S, Lin Y, Jiang C, Ma J, Zhao L, Lv X, Wang F, Shen R, Zhou J. Unique evolution characteristics of the envelope protein of EIAV(LN₄₀), a virulent strain of equine infectious anemia virus.. Virus Genes 2011 Apr;42(2):220-8.
- Cappelli K, Capomaccio S, Cook FR, Felicetti M, Marenzoni ML, Coppola G, Verini-Supplizi A, Coletti M, Passamonti F. Molecular detection, epidemiology, and genetic characterization of novel European field isolates of equine infectious anemia virus.. J Clin Microbiol 2011 Jan;49(1):27-33.
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