Hematology and clinical chemistry in mule foals from birth to two months of age: a preliminary study.

This research article studies the changes in hematological and biochemical parameters of mule foals from birth until two months old. It aims to determine whether the reference ranges used for adult horses and donkeys are appropriate for younger animals.

Objective

The study’s goal was to provide data on the hematological and biochemical parameters of mule foals from birth until two months of age and to examine how these parameters change as the foals age. This will help determine if dedicated reference ranges are required for younger animals since the normal values for adults cannot be applied due to the age-related changes observed in the animals.

Methodology

• Blood samples were collected from seven healthy mule foals at birth, before they consumed colostrum, and then 24 and 48 hours after birth. From then on, samples were collected weekly up until the foals reached two months old.
• Data was analyzed statistically, with results expressed as mean and standard deviation or as median, minimum, and maximum values in the case of non-gaussian distribution.
• Several tests were performed to compare the samples collected at different times.

Results

• Red blood cell count, packed cell volume and hemoglobin decreased from 24 hours to one week of age.
• Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin also decreased over the first month.
• White blood cell count increased from birth to seven days of life.
• Aspartate amino transferase levels rose while alkaline phosphatase levels fell in the first week of life.
• Urea, creatinine, and lactate levels fell, while glucose concentrations rose at 24 hours.
• No significant changes were observed in the levels of ionized calcium and magnesium and total sodium and potassium.
• Compared to other adult species, the laboratory parameters for mule foals may be the same, intermediate, lower or higher.

Conclusion

The initial results of the study suggest that age plays a significant role in influencing the hematological and biochemical parameters of mule foals. Further studies are recommended to establish reference ranges for younger animals.