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Home / Equine Research Bank / Sci Rep / Horses discriminate human body odors between fear and joy co...
Scientific reports2023; 13(1); 3285; doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30119-8

Horses discriminate human body odors between fear and joy contexts in a habituation-discrimination protocol.

Abstract: Animals are widely believed to sense human emotions through smell. Chemoreception is the most primitive and ubiquitous sense, and brain regions responsible for processing smells are among the oldest structures in mammalian evolution. Thus, chemosignals might be involved in interspecies communication. The communication of emotions is essential for social interactions, but very few studies have clearly shown that animals can sense human emotions through smell. We used a habituation-discrimination protocol to test whether horses can discriminate between human odors produced while feeling fear vs. joy. Horses were presented with sweat odors of humans who reported feeling fear or joy while watching a horror movie or a comedy, respectively. A first odor was presented twice in successive trials (habituation), and then, the same odor and a novel odor were presented simultaneously (discrimination). The two odors were from the same human in the fear or joy condition; the experimenter and the observer were blinded to the condition. Horses sniffed the novel odor longer than the repeated odor, indicating they discriminated between human odors produced in fear and joy contexts. Moreover, differences in habituation speed and asymmetric nostril use according to odor suggest differences in the emotional processing of the two odors.
© 2023. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2023-02-25 PubMed ID: 36841856PubMed Central: PMC9968287DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30119-8Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper explores the ability of horses to distinguish between human body odors associated with different emotional states, specifically fear and joy. The outcomes suggest that horses are indeed capable of discriminating between these scent cues, indicating a fascinating level of interspecies communication.

Methodology

  • The researchers used a habituation-discrimination protocol in their experiment. This is a common behavioral method used in sensory research, which involves familiarizing the subject animal with a particular stimulus, then introducing a novel stimulus to see if the animal can distinguish between the two.
  • Human sweat samples were used as the odor stimuli. These were collected from individuals who reported experiencing fear or joy while watching a horror movie or comedy, respectively.
  • The horses were initially presented with one odor twice (the habituation phase), followed by a test where the familiar odor and a new one were presented simultaneously (the discrimination phase).

Findings

  • The horses were observed to spend more time sniffing at the new odor compared to the familiar one. This indicated their ability to discriminate between the human odors associated with fear and joy.
  • The researchers also noticed differences in the speed of habituation and asymmetric nostril use in the horses, which suggest that the two odors were processed differently on an emotional level.
  • It’s important to note that both the experimenter and the observer were blinded to the conditions, ensuring the test was unbiased.

Conclusions

  • This study presents evidence that horses can discriminate between different human emotions through olfactory cues, leading to potentially significant implications for interspecies communication research.
  • The findings indicate that smell is an effective medium of communication across species, and animals can use this medium to inform their behaviour in response to humans.
  • Further research could delve deeper into understanding this phenomenon, as well as exploring the extent of animals’ ability to discriminate among other human emotional states through smell.

Cite This Article

APA
Jardat P, Destrez A, Damon F, Menard-Peroy Z, Parias C, Barrière P, Keller M, Calandreau L, Lansade L. (2023). Horses discriminate human body odors between fear and joy contexts in a habituation-discrimination protocol. Sci Rep, 13(1), 3285. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30119-8

Publication

Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
NlmUniqueID: 101563288
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: 3285

Researcher Affiliations

Jardat, Plotine
  • CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France. plotine.jardat@gmail.com.
Destrez, Alexandra
  • Developmental Ethology and Cognitive Psychology Laboratory, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Inrae, Dijon, France.
Damon, Fabrice
  • Development of Olfactory Communication and Cognition Laboratory, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Inrae, Dijon, France.
Menard-Peroy, Zoé
  • CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
Parias, Céline
  • CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
Barrière, Philippe
  • UEPAO, INRAE, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
Keller, Matthieu
  • CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
Calandreau, Ludovic
  • CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
Lansade, Léa
  • CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France. lea.lansad@inrae.fr.

MeSH Terms

  • Humans
  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Odorants
  • Habituation, Psychophysiologic
  • Body Odor
  • Fear
  • Smell
  • Mammals

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Citations

This article has been cited 9 times.
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