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Molecules and cells2017; 40(10); 796-804; doi: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0141

Identification and Expression Analyses of Equine Endogenous Retroviruses in Horses.

Abstract: Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) have been integrated into vertebrate genomes and have momentously affected host organisms. Horses () have been domesticated and selected for elite racing ability over centuries. ERVs played an important role in the evolutionary diversification of the horse genome. In the present study, we identified six equine ERV families (EqERVs-E1, I1, M2, P1, S1, and Y4), their full-length viral open reading frames (ORFs), and elucidated their phylogenetic relationships. The divergence time of EqERV families assuming an evolutionary rate of 0.2%/Myr indicated that EqERV-S3 (75.4 million years ago; mya) on chromosome 10 is an old EqERV family and EqERV-P5 (1.2 Mya) on chromosome 12 is a young member. During the evolutionary diversification of horses, the EqERV-I family diverged 1.7 Mya to 38.7 Mya. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) amplification of EqERV genes showed greater expression in the cerebellum of the Jeju horse than the Thoroughbred horse. These results could contribute further dynamic studies for horse genome in relation to EqERV gene function.
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Publication Date: 2017-10-17 PubMed ID: 29047258PubMed Central: PMC5682256DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0141Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is about a study that uncovered six equine endogenous retrovirus (EqERV) families in horses, and how these ERVs have impacted horse genetics and evolution over time.

Identification of ERVs

  • The research study primarily focused on exploring endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) that exist in horses. These viruses have integrated into the genomes of vertebrates and have significantly impacted host organisms over time.
  • Researchers identified six different ERV families present in horses, which they named EqERVs-E1, I1, M2, P1, S1, and Y4. They also discovered the full-length open reading frames (ORFs), which are segments of an organism’s genome that have the potential to be translated, of these ERVs.

Phylogenetic Relationships and Divergence Time of EqERVs

  • The study further delved into the lineage or phylogenetic relationships of these ERV families. This involved understanding where and how they evolved in relation to other organisms.
  • The researchers identified the divergence time of the ERV families by assuming an evolutionary rate of 0.2% per million years. This enabled them to conclude that the EqERV-S3 family, located on chromosome 10 and dating back to 75.4 million years ago, is an older ERV family.
  • On the other hand, EqERV-P5 on chromosome 12 is described as a younger member, having diverged approximately 1.2 million years ago.
  • It was noted that the EqERV-I family, during the evolutionary diversification of horses, diverged from 1.7 million years ago to 38.7 million years ago.

Expression Analysis and Future Implications

  • The study also shows that the expression of ERV genes was higher in the cerebellum of the Jeju horse breed compared to the Thoroughbred horse breed. This was identified through reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) amplification, a technique used to measure gene expression levels.
  • These results could potentially be used for dynamic analyses in future horse genome studies, particularly in relation to EqERV gene function. The underlying presumption is that these ERVs have played a crucial role in the evolutionary development and diversification of the horse genome, potentially influencing traits such as racing ability.

Cite This Article

APA
Gim JA, Kim HS. (2017). Identification and Expression Analyses of Equine Endogenous Retroviruses in Horses. Mol Cells, 40(10), 796-804. https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2017.0141

Publication

Molecules and cells
ISSN: 0219-1032
NlmUniqueID: 9610936
Country: Korea (South)
Language: English
Volume: 40
Issue: 10
Pages: 796-804

Researcher Affiliations

Gim, Jeong-An
  • Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
  • Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
  • The Genomics Institute, Life Sciences Department, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Korea.
Kim, Heui-Soo
  • Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
  • Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Endogenous Retroviruses / genetics
  • Endogenous Retroviruses / isolation & purification
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
  • Horses / genetics
  • Horses / virology
  • Open Reading Frames
  • Phylogeny

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Stefanetti V, Pascucci L, Wilsher S, Cappelli K, Capomaccio S, Reale L, Passamonti F, Coletti M, Crociati M, Monaci M, Marenzoni ML. Differential Expression Pattern of Retroviral Envelope Gene in the Equine Placenta. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:693416.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.693416pubmed: 34307531google scholar: lookup
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