Influence of general anesthesia on pharmacokinetics of intravenous lidocaine infusion in horses.
Abstract: To compare the disposition of lidocaine administered IV in awake and anesthetized horses. Methods: 16 horses. Methods: After instrumentation and collection of baseline data, lidocaine (loading infusion, 1.3 mg/kg administered during 15 minutes (87 microg/kg/min); constant rate infusion, 50 microg/kg/min) was administered IV to awake or anesthetized horses for a total of 105 minutes. Blood samples were collected at fixed times during the loading and maintenance infusion periods and after the infusion period for analysis of serum lidocaine concentrations by use of liquid chromatography with mass spectral detection. Selected cardiopulmonary parameters including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), arterial pH, PaCO2, and PaO2 were also recorded at fixed time points during lidocaine administration. Serum lidocaine concentrations were evaluated by use of standard noncompartmental analysis. Results: Serum lidocaine concentrations were higher in anesthetized than awake horses at all time points during lidocaine administration. Serum lidocaine concentrations reached peak values during the loading infusion in both groups (1,849 +/- 385 ng/mL and 3,348 +/- 602 ng/mL in awake and anesthetized horses, respectively). Most lidocaine pharmacokinetic variables also differed between groups. Differences in cardiopulmonary variables were predictable; for example, HR and MAP were lower and PaO2 was higher in anesthetized than awake horses but within reference ranges reported for horses under similar conditions. Conclusions: Anesthesia has an influence on the disposition of lidocaine in horses, and a change in dosing during anesthesia should be considered.
Publication Date: 2005-05-20 PubMed ID: 15900935DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.574Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study investigates how general anesthesia affects the processing and distribution of intravenous lidocaine in horses by comparing serum lidocaine concentrations in awake and anesthetized horses, and suggests that anesthesia could require dosing adjustments.
Methods
- In this experiment, the researchers used 16 horses to study the impact of general anesthesia on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous lidocaine.
- Lidocaine was administered intravenously in two stages: a loading infusion (1.3 mg/kg over 15 minutes) followed by a constant rate infusion (50 microg/kg/min) totaling 105 minutes of delivery time.
- The researchers collected blood samples at fixed times during and after the lidocaine infusion period. These samples were analyzed for serum lidocaine concentrations using liquid chromatography with mass spectral detection.
- In addition, certain cardiopulmonary parameters, such as heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), arterial pH, PaCO2, and PaO2, were recorded at fixed points during the lidocaine administration.
Results
- The results showed elevated serum lidocaine concentrations in the anesthetized horses in comparison to the awake ones during all stages of lidocaine administration.
- Peak serum lidocaine concentrations occurred during the loading infusion for both awake and anesthetized horses, with higher concentrations in anesthetized horses (3,348 +/- 602 ng/mL compared to 1,849 +/- 385 ng/mL).
- The pharmacokinetic variables, which describe how the body processes a drug, were also different between the groups.
- Cardiopulmonary variables, such as Heart rate and Mean arterial pressure, were predictably lower and PaO2 was higher in anesthetized horses. But these numbers were within the expected ranges for horses in similar conditions.
Conclusion
- The study concluded that anesthesia influences the body’s handling of lidocaine in horses. As a result, it may be necessary to adjust lidocaine dosing when a horse is under anesthesia.
Cite This Article
APA
Feary DJ, Mama KR, Wagner AE, Thomasy S.
(2005).
Influence of general anesthesia on pharmacokinetics of intravenous lidocaine infusion in horses.
Am J Vet Res, 66(4), 574-580.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.574 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Anesthesia, General / veterinary
- Anesthetics, Local / blood
- Anesthetics, Local / pharmacokinetics
- Animals
- Blood Gas Analysis / veterinary
- Blood Pressure / drug effects
- Blood Pressure / physiology
- Drug Interactions
- Female
- Guaifenesin
- Heart Rate / drug effects
- Heart Rate / physiology
- Horses / blood
- Horses / physiology
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Ketamine
- Lidocaine / blood
- Lidocaine / pharmacokinetics
- Male
- Respiration / drug effects
- Xylazine
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Straticò P, Guerri G, Bandera L, Celani G, Di Nunzio L, Petrizzi L, Varasano V. Comparison of Xylazine and Lidocaine Infusion versus Medetomidine Continuous Rate Infusion during General Anesthesia with Isoflurane in Horses Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy. Vet Sci 2024 Apr 29;11(5).
- Marques AEGW, Marques MG, Silveira BCR, Oliveira SP, Ferraz IG, Ventricci ABG, Silva NC, Nagata WB, Floriano BP, Ferreira WL, Santos PSP. Lidocaine administered at a continuous rate infusion does not impair left ventricular systolic and diastolic function of healthy rabbits sedated with midazolam. Vet Anim Sci 2020 Dec;10:100151.
- Li CL, Cheng YY, Hsieh CH, Tsai TH. Pharmacokinetics of Schizandrin and Its Pharmaceutical Products Assessed Using a Validated LC-MS/MS Method. Molecules 2018 Jan 15;23(1).
- Choquette A, Troncy E, Guillot M, Varin F, Del Castillo JR. Pharmacokinetics of Lidocaine Hydrochloride Administered with or without Adrenaline for the Paravertebral Brachial Plexus Block in Dogs. PLoS One 2017;12(1):e0169745.
- Tantry TP, Karanth H, Shenoy SP, Ayya SV, Shetty PK, Adappa KK. Isoflurane versus sevoflurane with interscalene block for shoulder arthroscopic procedures: Value of process capability indices as an additional tool for data analysis. Indian J Anaesth 2016 Dec;60(12):939-947.
- Yao C, Shi X, Lin X, Shen L, Xu D, Feng Y. Increased cardiac distribution of mono-PEGylated Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide in both myocardial infarction and ischemia/reperfusion rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2015;10:409-18.
- Shepard MK, Lee WL, Eggleston RB. Perianesthetic development of diaphragmatic hernia in a horse with equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID). Can Vet J 2015 Jan;56(1):48-52.
- Nóbrega Neto PI, Luna SP, Queiroz-Williams P, Mama KR, Steffey EP, Carregaro AB. Cardiorespiratory and antinociceptive effects of two different doses of lidocaine administered to horses during a constant intravenous infusion of xylazine and ketamine. BMC Vet Res 2013 Oct 9;9:199.
- Ortega M, Cruz I. Evaluation of a constant rate infusion of lidocaine for balanced anesthesia in dogs undergoing surgery. Can Vet J 2011 Aug;52(8):856-60.
- Waxman SJ, KuKanich B, Milligan M, Beard WL, Davis EG. Pharmacokinetics of concurrently administered intravenous lidocaine and flunixin in healthy horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012 Aug;35(4):413-6.
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