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Science advances2023; 9(49); eadk5201; doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adk5201

Interdisciplinary evidence for early domestic horse exploitation in southern Patagonia.

Abstract: The introduction of domestic horses transformed Indigenous societies across the grasslands of Argentina, leading to the emergence of specialized horse cultures across the Southern Cone. However, the dynamics of this introduction are poorly chronicled by historic records. Here, we apply archaeozoological and biomolecular techniques to horse remains from the site of Chorrillo Grande 1 in southern Argentina. Osteological and taphonomic analyses suggest that horses were pastorally managed and used for food by Aónikenk/Tehuelche hunter-gatherers before the onset of permanent European settlement, as early as the mid-17th century. DNA-based sex identifications suggest consumption of both male and female horses, while ceramic residue also shows use of guanaco products. Sequential isotope analyses on horse dentition reveal an origin in southern Patagonia and movement of these animals between the Río Coig and Río Gallegos basins. These results reinforce emerging evidence for rapid Indigenous-mediated dispersal of horses in the Americas and demonstrate that horses catalyzed rapid economic and social transformations.
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Publication Date: 2023-12-08 PubMed ID: 38064558PubMed Central: PMC10708174DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk5201Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article discusses the early use and management of domestic horses by Aónikenk/Tehuelche hunter-gatherers in southern Patagonia, Argentina, prior to permanent European settlement. This early use, possibly as early as the mid-17th century, was determined through the use of varying scientific techniques studying horse remains, showcasing that these creatures also fueled significant societal and economic changes.

Methods Applied

  • The research used a variety of scientific methods to analyze horse remains from the Chorrillo Grande 1 site in southern Argentina. These included archaeozoological and biomolecular techniques.
  • Osteological and taphonomic analysis was carried out on the horse remains, enabling the researchers to understand how the horses were managed and used by the Indigenous peoples. This was determined through signs of domestic management and evidence that the horses had been used as a food source.
  • DNA-based sex identifications were undertaken and indicated that both male and female horses were consumed by these communities.
  • Residues present on ceramics were also studied, revealing signs of guanaco (a type of camelid) products.
  • Sequential isotope analysis was performed on horse dentition to understand their origin and movement. This pointed to an origin in southern Patagonia and evidence of movement between the Río Coig and Río Gallegos basins.

Key Findings

  • The study suggests that Aónikenk/Tehuelche hunter-gatherer societies in southern Argentina may have managed and exploited domestic horses for pastoral and food purposes as early as the mid-17th century, prior to the establishment of permanent European settlements.
  • The consumption of both male and female horses indicates the versatility of the use of these animals within these communities.
  • The use of guanaco products alongside horse products suggests a combination of resources used by these hunter-gatherer communities.
  • The identified movement of the horses between basins suggests that these animals were being moved and possibly traded or utilized across different geographical areas, illustrating the extensive utility of horses within these societies.
  • This evidence supports the notion of a relatively quick indigenous-mediated spread of horses in the Americas, which had a significant influence on indigenous economic and social structures.

Cite This Article

APA
Taylor WTT, Belardi JB, Barberena R, Coltrain JB, Marina FC, Borrero LA, Conver JL, Hodgins G, Admiraal M, Craig OE, Lucquin A, Talbot HM, Lundy J, Liu X, Chauvey L, Schiavinato S, Seguin-Orlando A, Le Roux P, Lucas M, Orlando L, Roberts P, Jones EL. (2023). Interdisciplinary evidence for early domestic horse exploitation in southern Patagonia. Sci Adv, 9(49), eadk5201. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk5201

Publication

Science advances
ISSN: 2375-2548
NlmUniqueID: 101653440
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 49
Pages: eadk5201
PII: eadk5201

Researcher Affiliations

Taylor, William Timothy Treal
  • Department of Anthropology/Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
Belardi, Juan Bautista
  • Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Unidad Académica Río Gallegos (ICASUR), Laboratorio de Arqueología Dr. Luis A. Borrero, CONICET, Campus Universitario, Piloto Lero Rivera s/n (9400), Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina.
Barberena, Ramiro
  • Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Creación, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile.
  • CONICET, Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Padre Jorge Contreras 1300 (5500), Mendoza, Argentina.
Coltrain, Joan Brenner
  • Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Marina, Flavia Carballo
  • Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Unidad Académica Río Gallegos (ICASUR), Laboratorio de Arqueología Dr. Luis A. Borrero, CONICET, Campus Universitario, Piloto Lero Rivera s/n (9400), Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina.
Borrero, Luis Alberto
  • CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Saavedra 15, Piso 5, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Conver, Joshua L
  • Center for Digital Scholarship and Curation, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Hodgins, Gregory
  • AMS Laboratory/Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Admiraal, Marjolein
  • Department of Archaeology, BioArCh, University of York, York, UK.
Craig, Oliver Edward
  • Department of Archaeology, BioArCh, University of York, York, UK.
Lucquin, Alexandre
  • Department of Archaeology, BioArCh, University of York, York, UK.
Talbot, Helen Marie
  • Department of Archaeology, BioArCh, University of York, York, UK.
Lundy, Jasmine
  • Department of Archaeology, BioArCh, University of York, York, UK.
Liu, Xuexue
  • Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse (CNRS UMR 5288), University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
Chauvey, Lorelei
  • Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse (CNRS UMR 5288), University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
Schiavinato, Stéphanie
  • Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse (CNRS UMR 5288), University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
Seguin-Orlando, Andaine
  • Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse (CNRS UMR 5288), University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
Le Roux, Petrus
  • Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Lucas, Mary
  • Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany.
  • Arctic University Museum of Norway, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Lars Thørings veg 10, Tromsø, Norway.
Orlando, Ludovic
  • Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse (CNRS UMR 5288), University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
Roberts, Patrick
  • Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany.
  • isoTROPIC Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany.
Jones, Emily Lena
  • Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Cafferati Beltrame L, Todisco S, Francavilla AL, Mangini V, Bombino E, Sciancalepore AG, Scaglione V, Sgobba MN, Trisolini L, Laera L, Colella F, Spadone S, Belviso BD, Guerra L, De Grassi A, Caliandro R, De Stradis A, Volpicella M, Pierri CL. Discovery of therapeutic AGC2 modulators by combining docking, binding, and vesicle-based transport assays. J Transl Med 2025 Oct 1;23(1):1033.
    doi: 10.1186/s12967-025-06961-xpubmed: 41034876google scholar: lookup
  2. Schoenecker KA, King SRB, Hennig JD, Cole MJ, Scasta JD, Beck JL. Effects of telemetry collars on two free-roaming feral equid species. PLoS One 2024;19(5):e0303312.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303312pubmed: 38814957google scholar: lookup
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