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Animal reproduction2024; 21(3); e20240029; doi: 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0029

Livestock embryonic stem cells for reproductive biotechniques and genetic improvement.

Abstract: Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have proven to be a great model that faithfully recapitulates the events that occur during embryogenesis, making them a unique tool to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms that define tissue specification during embryonic development. Livestock ESCs are particularly attractive and have broad prospects including drug selection and human disease modeling, improvement of reproductive biotechniques and agriculture-related applications such as production of genetically modified animals. While mice and human ESCs have been established many years ago, no significant advances were made in livestock species until recently. Nowadays, livestock ESCs are available from cattle, pigs, sheep, horses and rabbits with different states of pluripotency. In this review, we summarize the current advances on livestock ESCs establishment and maintenance along with their present and future applications.
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Publication Date: 2024-08-05 PubMed ID: 39175999PubMed Central: PMC11340801DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0029Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This research article reviews recent advances in the establishment and use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from livestock species.
  • It highlights the importance of these ESCs for reproductive biotechnology, genetic improvement, and various agricultural and biomedical applications.

Introduction to Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs)

  • ESCs are cells derived from early embryos that have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of the body.
  • Because they mimic embryogenesis, ESCs serve as powerful models to study how cells specialize and tissues form during development.
  • ESCs provide unique opportunities to investigate cellular and molecular processes in vitro that would otherwise be difficult to observe directly in embryos.

Livestock ESCs and Their Importance

  • ESCs derived from livestock species like cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, and rabbits have only recently become available, unlike mouse and human ESCs which were established years ago.
  • Livestock ESCs offer broad applications such as:
    • Drug selection and screening, modeling human diseases in these species
    • Enhancing reproductive biotechnologies, e.g., improving cloning, embryo transfer, and in vitro fertilization
    • Genetic improvement strategies via the production of genetically modified animals for agriculture and biomedicine
  • The different livestock ESC lines exhibit varying states of pluripotency, which affects their characteristics and uses.

Current Advances in Livestock ESC Establishment and Maintenance

  • Technical challenges initially limited the derivation and stable culture of livestock ESCs; recent successes have overcome many of these obstacles.
  • Culture conditions and protocols have been optimized to maintain ESCs in a pluripotent state capable of self-renewal and differentiation.
  • Studies have characterized molecular markers and signaling pathways that sustain pluripotency in livestock ESCs.
  • Comparisons between livestock ESCs and the well-established mouse and human ESCs have guided improvements in handling and applications.

Present and Future Applications

  • Currently, livestock ESCs are used in:
    • Basic research focused on understanding developmental biology and embryogenesis in large animal species
    • Development of transgenic animals through genetic modification at the ESC stage
    • Testing and screening pharmaceuticals and biologics relevant to veterinary and human medicine
  • Future prospects include:
    • More efficient creation of customized genetically improved livestock with traits like disease resistance, enhanced productivity, or improved welfare
    • Refinement of reproductive biotechnologies, potentially improving success rates and animal health
    • Advanced disease models for both veterinary and human health research

Conclusion

  • Livestock ESCs represent an exciting and rapidly progressing area of research bridging developmental biology and practical applications in agriculture and medicine.
  • The improvement in techniques for establishing and maintaining livestock ESCs opens new avenues for genetic improvement and biotechnology in farm animals.
  • This review compiles the state-of-the-art knowledge of livestock ESCs and emphasizes their growing significance in reproductive biotechnology and genetic enhancement strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
(2024). Livestock embryonic stem cells for reproductive biotechniques and genetic improvement. Anim Reprod, 21(3), e20240029. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0029

Publication

Animal reproduction
ISSN: 1984-3143
NlmUniqueID: 101272804
Country: Brazil
Language: English
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Pages: e20240029
PII: e20240029

Researcher Affiliations

Conflict of Interest Statement

Conflicts of interest: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

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