Longitudinal humoral immune response and maternal immunity in horses after a single live-attenuated vaccination against African horse sickness during the disease outbreak in Thailand.
Abstract: African horse sickness (AHS) has become a newly emerging disease after an outbreak in northeastern Thailand in March 2020. Mass vaccination in horses with live-attenuated AHS virus (AHSV) vaccine is essential for AHS control and prevention. This study aimed to monitor the longitudinal humoral immune response before and after a single vaccination using a live-attenuated vaccine against AHS in stallions, mares, and pregnant mares, including maternal immunity in foals born from pregnant mares during the outbreak in Thailand. Unassigned: A total of 13 stallions and 23 non-pregnant and 21 pregnant mares were vaccinated with live-attenuated AHSV vaccines. Serum samples from selected horses were collected on the day of vaccination and 1, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12-months post-vaccination. Furthermore, seven serum samples of foals born from vaccinated pregnant mares were collected on parturition date and 1, 3, and 6-months old. The antibody titer against AHS in all collected serum samples was evaluated using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. All data were analyzed for mean and standard deviation for each group of samples using a spreadsheet program. Antibody titers between times were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance as repeated measurement, and antibody titers between horse groups were analyzed using a general linear model for statistically significant differences when p < 0.05. Unassigned: In stallion and non-pregnant mare groups, there were no statistically significant differences in antibody titers in all 6 time periods after vaccination. The antibody titer in the pregnant mare group showed a non-statistically significant difference between each gestation stage, except at 8 months post-vaccination. Furthermore, increasing antibody titers on days 1 and 3 after receiving colostrum in foals indicate the major role of transcolostral antibody transfer for AHS. Unassigned: This study demonstrated that a single AHS vaccination using a live-attenuated vaccine could stimulate high antibody titers sufficient for AHS control and prevention during the outbreak in Thailand. Similarly, the antibody response of vaccinated horses of both genders, including various stages of pregnant mares, was statistically not different.
Copyright: © Kunanusont, et al.
Publication Date: 2023-08-19 PubMed ID: 37766699PubMed Central: PMC10521193DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1690-1694Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research paper focuses on the effect of using a single dose of live-attenuated vaccine against African horse sickness (AHS) in controlling and preventing a disease outbreak in Thailand, including its impact on diverse horse groups and the significance of transcolostral antibody transfer in foals.
Objectives and Methodology
- The research primarily aimed at monitoring the longitudinal humoral immune response towards a single dose live-attenuated AHS vaccine in stallions, mares, and pregnant mares. It further investigated the maternal immunity in foals born from the vaccinated pregnant mares during the AHS outbreak.
- A total of 57 horses coming from various groups were vaccinated using a live-attenuated AHSV vaccine and their serum samples were collected at different intervals.
- In addition, the serum samples of seven foals (born to vaccinated mothers) were also collected to study the effects of the passed-on maternal immunity.
- The antibody titer against AHS in the serum samples was then measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and was further processed and analyzed through different statistical methods.
Findings
- The research concluded that there were no significant differences in the antibody titers observed post vaccination across all six time periods, both in stallions and non-pregnant mare groups.
- In the group of vaccinated pregnant mares, the antibody titers demonstrated no significant difference at each of the gestation stages, except at 8 months post-vaccination.
- The study also established the critical role of transcolostral antibody transfer in foals, with an evident increase in antibody titers on the first and third day after receiving colostrum.
Conclusions
- From this research, it was evident that using a single dose live-attenuated vaccine against AHS effectively stimulated high antibody titers, sufficient to control and prevent an AHS outbreak in Thailand.
- It was also found that the antibody response in horses, regardless of gender and gestation stage, did not exhibit significant differences, which suggests the broad effectiveness of the vaccine across various groups.
Cite This Article
APA
Kunanusont N, Taesuji M, Kulthonggate U, Rattanamas K, Mamom T, Thongsri K, Phannithi T, Ruenphet S.
(2023).
Longitudinal humoral immune response and maternal immunity in horses after a single live-attenuated vaccination against African horse sickness during the disease outbreak in Thailand.
Vet World, 16(8), 1690-1694.
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2023.1690-1694 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Clinic for Horse, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok 10530 Thailand.
- Clinic for Horse, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok 10530 Thailand.
- Clinic for Horse, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok 10530 Thailand.
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok 10530 Thailand.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok 10530 Thailand.
- Department of Veterinary and Remount, Division of First Livestock and Agriculture, The Veterinary Hospital, Royal Thai Army, 57 Koh Samrong Subdistrict, Mueang District, Kanchanaburi Province 71000 Thailand.
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok 10530 Thailand.
- Department of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok 10530 Thailand.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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