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Veterinary research communications1996; 20(1); 83-108; doi: 10.1007/BF00346580

Lymphoid leukosis viruses, their recognition as ‘persistent’ viruses and comparisons with certain other retroviruses of veterinary importance.

Abstract: Diseases caused by lymphoid leukosis virus (LLV), a retrovirus, take a long time after infection to develop and have a wide variety of pathological manifestations. This long latent period is characteristic of 'persistent virus infections'. Disease produced by LLV infection and its underlying mechanisms is compared with 'persistent' infections caused by other retroviruses in birds and mammals of veterinary importance. The diseases considered for comparison are those caused by reticuloendotheliosis, feline leukaemia, bovine leukosis and equine infectious anaemia viruses. There are significant changes in the immunological status in all diseases caused by these viruses. LLV infections follow this trend with, in manifestations of neoplastic disease, a perturbation of the normal switch that occurs from IgM to IgG synthesis. There are also indications of other immunological disturbances. Factors other than immunological disturbances may contribute to the length of time after infection required for the many forms of LLV infection to appear. Such additional factors may include the operation of 'biological clocks', such as the arrival of sexual maturity, and also the very nature of retroviruses. These factors, like the immunological changes, play major roles in the maintenance and progression of persistent retrovirus infections.
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Publication Date: 1996-01-01 PubMed ID: 8693704DOI: 10.1007/BF00346580Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focuses on how the lymphoid leukosis virus (LLV), and other similar retroviruses, take a significant amount of time to develop visible symptoms in the infected creatures, therefore being classified as ‘persistent’ viruses. The study compares the progression and implications of LLV in birds and mammals with other diseases like reticuloendotheliosis, feline leukemia, bovine leukosis, and equine infectious anemia.

Disease Progression

  • Lymphoid leukosis virus, like other retroviruses, takes a significant amount of time to show symptoms in the infected host. This characteristic is typical of persistent viral infections.
  • The disease causes various changes in the host’s body and manifests in diverse pathological ways, generally altering the immunological state.
  • LLV and other persistent viral infections disturb the normal switch from IgM to IgG synthesis during the progression of neoplastic diseases. IgM and IgG are different types of antibodies, and their production is part of the immune response.

Comparisons with Other Retroviruses

  • The study draws parallels between LLV and other retroviruses in birds and mammals – reticuloendotheliosis, feline leukemia, bovine leukosis, and equine infectious anemia.
  • These diseases all cause significant changes in the immunological status of the infected host, similar to LLV infections.

Contributing Factors

  • The researchers suggest that several factors may contribute to the virus’s latency period, the time between infection and the appearance of symptoms.
  • These factors might include the operation of ‘biological clocks’, such as the onset of sexual maturity, and the unique nature of retroviruses.
  • Immunological changes and these external factors play a significant role in the maintenance and progression of persistent retrovirus infections.

Cite This Article

APA
Darcel C. (1996). Lymphoid leukosis viruses, their recognition as ‘persistent’ viruses and comparisons with certain other retroviruses of veterinary importance. Vet Res Commun, 20(1), 83-108. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00346580

Publication

Veterinary research communications
ISSN: 0165-7380
NlmUniqueID: 8100520
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Pages: 83-108

Researcher Affiliations

Darcel, C
  • Palliser Animal Health Laboratories Ltd, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.

MeSH Terms

  • Alpharetrovirus / genetics
  • Animals
  • Apoptosis
  • Avian Leukosis / immunology
  • Avian Leukosis / pathology
  • Avian Leukosis / virology
  • Birds
  • Cats
  • Cattle
  • Enzootic Bovine Leukosis / immunology
  • Enzootic Bovine Leukosis / pathology
  • Enzootic Bovine Leukosis / virology
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / pathology
  • Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
  • Leukemia Virus, Bovine / genetics
  • Leukemia Virus, Feline / genetics
  • Reticuloendotheliosis virus / genetics
  • Retroviridae Infections / immunology
  • Retroviridae Infections / pathology
  • Retroviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Retroviridae Infections / virology
  • Tumor Virus Infections / immunology
  • Tumor Virus Infections / pathology
  • Tumor Virus Infections / veterinary
  • Tumor Virus Infections / virology

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Al-Dubaib M, Omer OH, Mahmoud OM, Hashad ME. Concurrent infection with bovine leukaemia virus and Theileria annulata in a Friesian calf. Trop Anim Health Prod 2007 Feb;39(2):91-5.
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