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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Med Sci / Markers for internal neoplasia in the horse.
Veterinary medicine and science2022; 9(1); 132-143; doi: 10.1002/vms3.1042

Markers for internal neoplasia in the horse.

Abstract: The diagnosis of internal neoplasia in horses is challenging. Increased production of hormones physiologic for adult animals (e.g., adrenocorticotropin, norepinephrine, and erythropoietin) or typical for the foetal phase (alpha-fetoprotein, anti-Müllerian hormone, and parathyroid-hormone-related protein) might aid in tumour diagnostics. Thymidine kinase-1 and alkaline phosphatase are examples of intracellular enzymes, whose activity in the blood may increase in some neoplasia cases. Furthermore, inappropriate production of abnormal monoclonal or autologous antibodies can accompany lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Many of those tumour markers lead to clinical or laboratory changes, called paraneoplastic syndromes, such as hypercalcaemia and erythrocytosis. The interpretation of the results of the tumour marker measurements in horses is complicated due to many factors affecting the markers' concentration or activity (e.g., young age, pregnancy, and inflammation) and other diseases triggering the same changes. Moreover, the presence of paraneoplastic syndromes is inconsistent, which leads to low sensitivity of those substances as tumour markers. In conclusion, screening for neoplasia in horses is not recommended. The measurement of tumour markers should be performed only in risk groups with suspicious clinical or laboratory findings, and the results should be interpreted with caution. It is advisable to add inflammatory markers to the tumour profile or repeat the measurements.
© 2022 The Authors. Veterinary Medicine and Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2022-12-10 PubMed ID: 36495211PubMed Central: PMC9857019DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1042Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the issues surrounding the detection of internal cancer (neoplasia) in horses and evaluates various potential biological markers that could aid in diagnosis.

Challenges in Diagnosing Equine Neoplasia

  • The study details the complexities of identifying internal neoplasia in horses. These challenges arise due to various factors, such as the horse’s age, pregnancy status, presence of inflammation, and the occurrence of other concurrent diseases that can trigger similar changes.

Potential Biomarkers for Neoplasia

  • The article explores a number of potential biomarkers which could assist in diagnosing neoplasia, including hormones and intracellular enzymes. For instance, it notes that increased production of certain hormones typical to adult or foetal phase could be indicative of tumour presence.
  • Additionally, the activity of certain intracellular enzymes such as Thymidine kinase-1 and alkaline phosphatase in the blood may increase in some cases of neoplasia.
  • Moreover, the production of abnormal antibodies could be suggestive of conditions like lymphoma and multiple myeloma.

Paraneoplastic Syndromes

  • Another important aspect discussed in the study is the concept of paraneoplastic syndromes. These are clinical or laboratory changes caused by the presence of certain tumour markers.
  • Despite this, these syndromes often present inconsistently, thereby reducing the sensitivity of the related markers for detecting tumours.

Recommended Practices

  • The paper concludes by recommending against screening for neoplasia in horses owing to the above-mentioned constraints.
  • Instead, it suggests that the measurement of possible tumour markers should be restricted to risk groups where clinical or laboratory findings warrant suspicion.
  • Finally, it recommends caution when interpreting these results and advises the addition of inflammatory markers to the tumour profile or repeating the measurements to enhance the accuracy of results.

Cite This Article

APA
Drozdzewska K, Gehlen H. (2022). Markers for internal neoplasia in the horse. Vet Med Sci, 9(1), 132-143. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1042

Publication

Veterinary medicine and science
ISSN: 2053-1095
NlmUniqueID: 101678837
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: 132-143

Researcher Affiliations

Drozdzewska, Karolina
  • Equine Clinic, Surgery and Radiology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Gehlen, Heidrun
  • Equine Clinic, Surgery and Radiology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Paraneoplastic Syndromes / etiology
  • Paraneoplastic Syndromes / veterinary
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Lymphoma / veterinary
  • Inflammation / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors state that they have no conflict of interest.

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