Metabolic conjugation of some carboxylic acids in the horse.
Abstract: 1. 14C-Labelled benzoic acid, salicylic acid and 2-naphthylacetic acid were administered orally to horses, and urinary metabolites investigated by chromatographic and mass spectral techniques. 2. [14C]Benzoic acid (5 mg/kg) was eliminated rapidly in the urine, and quantitatively recovered in 24 h. The major urinary metabolite was hippuric acid (95% of dose) with much smaller amounts of benzoic acid, benzoyl glucuronide and 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionic acid. Administration of [ring-D5]benzoic acid together with [14C]benzoic acid to a pony permitted the mass spectral determination of metabolites of the exogenous benzoic acid metabolites in the presence of the same endogenous compounds. 3. [14C]Salicylic acid (35 mg/kg) was eliminated rapidly in the urine, 98% of the 14C dose being excreted in 24 h. The major excretion product was unchanged salicylate (94% of dose). Gentisic acid, salicyluric acid and the ester and ether glucuronides of salicylic acid were very minor metabolites. 4. 2-Naphthyl[14C]acetic acid (2 mg/kg) was excreted very slowly in the urine, with 53 and 77% of the 14C dose being recovered in six days. 2-Naphthylacetylglycine was the major metabolite (26 and 38% dose) and in addition, the glucuronic acid and taurine conjugates were excreted together with unchanged 2-naphthylacetic acid. 5. The study has shown that the horse can utilize glycine, taurine and glucuronic acid for conjugation of xenobiotic carboxylic acids, and that the relative extents of these pathways are governed by the structure of the carboxylic acid.
Publication Date: 1981-10-01 PubMed ID: 7324500DOI: 10.3109/00498258109049085Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research paper focuses on exploring how horses metabolize certain carboxylic acids – benzoic, salicylic, and 2-naphthylacetic acid – and investigates the urinary metabolites using chromatographic and mass spectral techniques.
Methodology and Findings
- The research began with the administration of 14C-Labelled versions of the three carboxylic acids to various horses orally. The consequent urinary metabolites were then analyzed using chromatographic and mass spectral techniques. These methods provided a detailed analysis of the metabolised components and were instrumental in studying the effects these acids had on the metabolism in horses.
- It was observed that when [14C]Benzoic acid was administered, it was rapidly eliminated via the urinary route and was quantitatively recovered in 24 hours. The major urinary metabolite detected was hippuric acid. To differentiate between exogenous (externally administered) and endogenous (internally produced) benzoic acid metabolites, [ring-D5]benzoic acid was administered concurrently with [14C]benzoic acid to a pony.
- For [14C]Salicylic acid, it was found that it was rapidly excreted in the urine, with about 98% of the 14C dose being released within 24 hours. The main excretion product was unaltered salicylate. Minimal amounts of other metabolites, such as Gentisic acid, salicyluric acid, were identified.
- The excretion of 2-Naphthyl[14C]acetic acid was considerably slower. Between 53 and 77% of the 14C dose was recovered in the urine after six days. 2-Naphthylacetylglycine was identified as the main metabolite in this case.
Research Conclusion
- The results of this investigation demonstrated that horses can utilize glycine, taurine, and glucuronic acid to conjugate xenobiotic carboxylic acids, that are not produced in the body but introduced from external sources.
- The study also showed that the amount and type of these pathways followed by the acid is highly dependent on the structure of the carboxylic acid.
This research provides useful information on how horses metabolise various carboxylic acids, which can aid in developing healthier diets and monitoring their general health conditions.
Cite This Article
APA
Marsh MV, Caldwell J, Smith RL, Horner MW, Houghton E, Moss MS.
(1981).
Metabolic conjugation of some carboxylic acids in the horse.
Xenobiotica, 11(10), 655-663.
https://doi.org/10.3109/00498258109049085 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Benzoates / urine
- Benzoic Acid
- Carboxylic Acids / urine
- Horses / metabolism
- Naphthaleneacetic Acids / urine
- Salicylates / urine
- Salicylic Acid
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- McLean S, Foley WJ, Davies NW, Brandon S, Duo L, Blackman AJ. Metabolic fate of dietary terpenes fromEucalyptus radiata in common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus). J Chem Ecol 1993 Aug;19(8):1625-43.
- Salonen JS, Vuorilehto L, Gilbert M, Maylin GA. Identification of detomidine carboxylic acid as the major urinary metabolite of detomidine in the horse. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1992 Jan-Mar;17(1):13-20.
- Jia W, Wang X, Shi L. Interference of endogenous benzoic acid with the signatures of sulfonic acid derivatives and carbohydrates in fermented dairy products. Fundam Res 2024 Nov;4(6):1523-1532.
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