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Microorganisms2024; 12(4); 816; doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12040816

Molecular and Serological Detection of Vector-Borne Pathogens Responsible for Equine Piroplasmosis in Europe between 2008 and 2021.

Abstract: Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is caused by (.) and/or (.) . The aim was to assess the percentage of positive test results for EP in horses in Europe and to identify risk factors for pathogen contact/infection. This study included results from PCR and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing requested by European veterinarians between 2008 and 2021. Binary bivariate logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors. A total of 4060 horses were included. PCR testing was positive in 9.7% (154/1589), serology for in 15.2% (393/2591) and for in 6.8% (175/2578). The odds of positive serology increased by 6.8% (, = 0.008) and 9.5% (, < 0.001) each year. Regionality had a statistically significant impact on PCR (Eastern = 0.047/OR = 1.605; Southern = 0.029/OR = 1.451; Central = 0.007/OR = 0.617) and serological testing for (Southern < 0.001/OR = 2.521; Central < 0.001/OR = 0.537; Northern = 0.003/OR = 0.462), as well as breeds on seroprevalence of (heavy horses: = 0.016/OR = 2.239) and (ponies: = 0.007/OR = 0.340; warmbloods: = 0.025/OR = 1.602). In conclusion, there was a significant geographical impact on the results of PCR and serology, consistent with known vector habitats. The rising numbers of horses tested serologically positive highlights the importance of surveillance.
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Publication Date: 2024-04-17 PubMed ID: 38674760PubMed Central: PMC11051957DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040816Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research looked into the prevalence and risk factors associated with Equine Piroplasmosis, a disease affecting horses in Europe, between 2008 and 2021, using PCR and serology tests. The findings showed a significantly regional impact and a steady increase in positive test results over the years, emphasizing the need for ongoing surveillance.

Objective and Methodology

  • The research aimed to gauge the percentage of positive test outcomes for Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) in Europe and identify risk factors for pathogen contact or infection.
  • Tests involving Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were employed, with the investigation covering samples collected from 4,060 horses by European veterinarians from 2008 to 2021.
  • To isolate and analyze different risk factors, the researchers used Binary bivariate logistic regression.

Findings and Analysis

  • The PCR testing returned positive results in 9.7% of the cases, whereas serology testing showed a 15.2% positivity for one pathogen and 6.8% for another. The odds of positive serology increased by 6.8% and 9.5% each year, respectively.
  • Geographical location played a significant role with higher pathogen prevalence in certain regions. The disease was more prevalent in Eastern and Southern Europe according to PCR results, while Central Europe showed lower prevalence. Serology testing results also differed across regions.
  • The breed of the horse also affected the prevalence of pathogens, with heavy horse breeds and warmbloods showing higher susceptibility, while ponies demonstrated lower seroprevalence.

Conclusion

  • The research concluded that the geographical location and breed significantly affected the prevalence of EP across Europe.
  • The steadily rising numbers of serologically positive horses highlight the need for proactive and continuous monitoring and surveillance.
  • The findings support and provide detailed insights into the geographical variances of EP and the importance of considering these factors in forming disease control strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Axt CW, Springer A, Strube C, Jung C, Naucke TJ, Müller E, Schäfer I. (2024). Molecular and Serological Detection of Vector-Borne Pathogens Responsible for Equine Piroplasmosis in Europe between 2008 and 2021. Microorganisms, 12(4), 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040816

Publication

Microorganisms
ISSN: 2076-2607
NlmUniqueID: 101625893
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 4
PII: 816

Researcher Affiliations

Axt, Carla Wiebke
  • LABOKLIN GmbH and Co. KG, Steubenstraße 4, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany.
Springer, Andrea
  • Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Strube, Christina
  • Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Jung, Clarissa
  • LABOKLIN GmbH and Co. KG, Steubenstraße 4, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany.
Naucke, Torsten J
  • LABOKLIN GmbH and Co. KG, Steubenstraße 4, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany.
Müller, Elisabeth
  • LABOKLIN GmbH and Co. KG, Steubenstraße 4, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany.
Schäfer, Ingo
  • LABOKLIN GmbH and Co. KG, Steubenstraße 4, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany.

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors Carla Wiebke Axt, Clarissa Jung, Torsten J. Naucke, Elisabeth Müller and Ingo Schäfer were employed by the company LABOKLIN GmbH and Co. KG. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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