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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Immunol / Neonatal and maternal upregulation of antileukoproteinase in...
Frontiers in immunology2024; 15; 1395030; doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395030

Neonatal and maternal upregulation of antileukoproteinase in horses.

Abstract: The end of gestation, ensuing parturition, and the neonatal period represent highly dynamic phases for immunological changes in both mother and offspring. The regulation of innate immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface during late term pregnancy, after birth, and during microbial colonization of the neonatal gut and other mucosal surfaces, is crucial for controlling inflammation and maintaining homeostasis. Innate immune cells and mucosal epithelial cells express antileukoproteinase (SLPI), which has anti-inflammatory and anti-protease activity that can regulate cellular activation. Unassigned: Here, we developed and validated new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to characterize SLPI for the first time in horses. Peripheral blood and mucosal samples were collected from healthy adults horses and a cohort of mares and their foals directly following parturition to assess this crucial stage. Unassigned: First, we defined the cell types producing SLPI in peripheral blood by flow cytometry, highlighting the neutrophils and a subset of the CD14+ monocytes as SLPI secreting immune cells. A fluorescent bead-based assay was developed with the new SLPI mAbs and used to establish baseline concentrations for secreted SLPI in serum and secretion samples from mucosal surfaces, including saliva, nasal secretion, colostrum, and milk. This demonstrated constitutive secretion of SLPI in a variety of equine tissues, including high colostrum concentrations. Using immunofluorescence, we identified production of SLPI in mucosal tissue. Finally, longitudinal sampling of clinically healthy mares and foals allowed monitoring of serum SLPI concentrations. In neonates and postpartum mares, SLPI peaked on the day of parturition, with mares returning to the adult normal within a week and foals maintaining significantly higher SLPI secretion until three months of age. Unassigned: This demonstrated a physiological systemic change in SLPI in both mares and their foals, particularly at the time around birth, likely contributing to the regulation of innate immune responses during this critical period.
Copyright © 2024 Holmes, Babasyan and Wagner.
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Publication Date: 2024-04-26 PubMed ID: 38736885PubMed Central: PMC11082313DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395030Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores the immune changes in mother horses and their foals during late pregnancy, after birth, and during the first few months, with a focus on the regulation of the antileukoproteinase (SLPI) molecule. The researchers developed new antibodies to analyze SLPI, discovering it is essential to immune cell activation and is secreted more around birth, important for controlling inflammation and maintaining the immune system.

Methodology

  • The researchers developed and validated new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to examine the SLPI molecule in horses. This is the first time SLPI has been studied using this method.
  • Blood and mucosal samples were collected from healthy adult horses and a group of mares and their foals after giving birth to scrutinize this critical stage.
  • The cell types producing SLPI in blood were determined using flow cytometry, emphasizing neutrophils and a subset of the CD14+ monocytes as SLPI-secreting immune cells.
  • A fluorescent bead-based assay was created with the new SLPI mAbs and was used to identify baseline concentrations of SLPI in serum and secretion samples from various mucosal surfaces, including saliva, nasal secretion, colostrum, and milk.
  • The team utilized the method of immunofluorescence to identify SLPI production in mucosal tissue.
  • Longitudinal samples from healthy mares and their foals were taken allowing for monitoring of serum SLPI concentrations over time.

Findings

  • The research identified continuous secretion of SLPI across various equine tissues, particularly high in colostrum, the first form of milk produced by the mammary glands of horses immediately following delivery of the foal.
  • There was a peak in SLPI concentration in neonates and postpartum mares on the day of parturition (or birth). A significant observation is that mares returned to normal adult levels within a week, whereas foals maintained higher SLPI secretion until they were three months old.
  • The study confirmed a physiological systemic change in SLPI in both mares and their foals, particularly around birth, which likely contributes to the regulation of the innate immune responses during this medically significant period.

Implications

  • The study provided the first-ever investigation of SLPI in horses using a specifically designed new monoclonal antibodies technique.
  • The findings further our understanding of the immunological changes and the role of SLPI during the late stages of horse pregnancy, birth, and early life of the foals.
  • The physiological changes during and after parturition might provide insight for developing therapeutic strategies to address inflammation and immunity issues, generally in horses and other mammals.

Cite This Article

APA
Holmes CM, Babasyan S, Wagner B. (2024). Neonatal and maternal upregulation of antileukoproteinase in horses. Front Immunol, 15, 1395030. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395030

Publication

Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
NlmUniqueID: 101560960
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Pages: 1395030

Researcher Affiliations

Holmes, Camille M
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Babasyan, Susanna
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Wagner, Bettina
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Female
  • Pregnancy
  • Animals, Newborn
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / immunology
  • Colostrum / immunology
  • Horses / immunology
  • Immunity, Innate
  • Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor / metabolism
  • Up-Regulation

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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