Optimisation of the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test to reduce urinary glucose spilling in horses.
Abstract: The frequently sampled i.v. glucose tolerance test (FSIGTT) is used to evaluate glucose and insulin dynamics in horses, but it has not been determined whether urinary glucose spilling (UGS) affects results. Objective: UGS occurs in horses during the FSIGTT and this problem can be minimised by adjusting the dextrose and insulin dosages used. Methods: Six mature mares were included in this study. In the first phase, 6 FSIGTT procedures were performed in each horse to evaluate 6 different dextrose dosages. Six different insulin dosages were evaluated during the second phase of the study after administration of 300 mg/kg bwt dextrose. Area under the glucose (AUCg) and insulin (AUCi) curves were calculated and minimal model analyses performed. UGS was measured in the third and fourth phases of the study during the combined glucose insulin test and established FSIGTT. A new FSIGTT was developed and evaluated. Results: Positive linear effects of dextrose dosage on AUCg, AUCi and acute insulin response to glucose were detected, with AUCg reaching a plateau at doses > or =200 mg/kg bwt. Insulin dosage had an inverse linear effect on AUCg, but other values remained unaffected. UGS occurred during all 3 tests and was the highest for the established FSIGTT and the lowest for the new FSIGTT. The type of FSIGTT performed did not affect minimal model results. Conclusions: Results indicate that the dextrose dosage of 300 mg/kg bwt used in the established FSIGTT is too high. UGS can be reduced by lowering the dextrose dosage to 100 mg/kg bwt. Conclusions: A new FSIGTT involving the administration of 100 mg/kg bwt dextrose followed by 20 mu/kg bwt insulin 20 min later is recommended for use in horses because this test provides adequate data for minimal model analysis while minimising UGS.
Publication Date: 2010-04-14 PubMed ID: 20383980DOI: 10.2746/042516409x439661Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research article investigates ways to improve the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGTT) in horses. One of the goals was to determine the impact of urinary glucose spilling (UGS) on the test results. The researcher expanded the existing test protocol by altering the dextrose and insulin dosages used. They concluded that reducing the dextrose dosage to 100 mg/kg bwt can lessen UGS. They recommend a new FSIGTT using this lowered dextrose dosage, followed by an insulin dosage 20 minutes later.
Study Methodology
- Six adult mares were included in this study.
- In the first phase, each horse underwent 6 FSIGTT procedures to evaluate varying dextrose dosages.
- In the second phase, 6 different insulin dosages were evaluated for each horse. Before administering these dosages, each horse was given 300 mg/kg bwt dextrose.
- The area under the glucose (AUCg) and insulin (AUCi) curves were calculated, and minimal model analyses were conducted.
- In the third and fourth phases, UGS was measured during the combined glucose insulin test and during the original FSIGTT. A new FSIGTT was then introduced and evaluated based on these measurements.
Results
- The researchers observed positive linear effects of dextrose dosage on AUCg, AUCi, and the acute insulin response to glucose. AUCg plateaued at dextrose dosages above 200 mg/kg bwt.
- The insulin dosages had an inverse linear impact on AUCg, but didn’t significantly affect any other aspects.
- UGS was noticed during all 3 tests and was highest for the original FSIGTT and lowest for the new FSIGTT.
- The type of FSIGTT carried out didn’t influence the results of the minimal model analysis.
Conclusions
- The current dextrose dosage of 300 mg/kg bwt used in the established FSIGTT appears to be too high, according to the study’s findings.
- UGS can be minimized by lowering the dextrose dosage to 100 mg/kg bwt.
- The researchers suggest a new FSIGTT involving a dextrose dosage of 100 mg/kg bwt, followed by an insulin dosage of 20 mu/kg bwt 20 minutes later. This test protocol provides adequate data for minimal model analysis while reducing UGS.
Cite This Article
APA
Tóth F, Frank N, Elliott SB, Perdue K, Geor RJ, Boston RC.
(2010).
Optimisation of the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test to reduce urinary glucose spilling in horses.
Equine Vet J, 41(9), 844-851.
https://doi.org/10.2746/042516409x439661 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Area Under Curve
- Female
- Glucose / administration & dosage
- Glucose / metabolism
- Glucose Tolerance Test / standards
- Glucose Tolerance Test / veterinary
- Glycosuria / prevention & control
- Glycosuria / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horse Diseases / urine
- Horses
- Insulin / administration & dosage
- Insulin / metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Time Factors
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Williams NJ, Furr M, Navas de Solis C, Campolo A, Davis M, Lacombe VA. Investigating the Relationship Between Cardiac Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Horses: A Pilot Study. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:899951.
- Kinsella HM, Hostnik LD, Snyder HA, Mazur SE, Kamr AM, Burns TA, Mossbarger JC, Toribio RE. Comparison of insulin sensitivity between healthy neonatal foals and horses using minimal model analysis. PLoS One 2022;17(1):e0262584.
- Spears JW, Lloyd KE, Siciliano P, Pratt-Phillips S, Goertzen EW, McLeod SJ, Moore J, Krafka K, Hyda J, Rounds W. Chromium propionate increases insulin sensitivity in horses following oral and intravenous carbohydrate administration. J Anim Sci 2020 Apr 1;98(4).
- Kritchevsky JE, Muir GS, Leschke DHZ, Hodgson JK, Hess EK, Bertin FR. Blood glucose and insulin concentrations after alpha-2-agonists administration in horses with and without insulin dysregulation. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Mar;34(2):902-908.
- Bertin FR, Taylor SD, Bianco AW, Sojka-Kritchevsky JE. The Effect of Fasting Duration on Baseline Blood Glucose Concentration, Blood Insulin Concentration, Glucose/Insulin Ratio, Oral Sugar Test, and Insulin Response Test Results in Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Sep;30(5):1726-1731.
- Dunbar LK, Mielnicki KA, Dembek KA, Toribio RE, Burns TA. Evaluation of Four Diagnostic Tests for Insulin Dysregulation in Adult Light-Breed Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2016 May;30(3):885-91.
- Palmer AT, Watts MR, Timko KJ, Pinnell EF, Keefer KA, Gorman O, Hostnik LD, Burns TA. Corticosteroid Administration Enhances the Glycemic, Insulinemic, and Incretin Responses to a High-Protein Mixed Meal in Adult Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2025 Mar-Apr;39(2):e17305.
- Kemp KL, Yuen NKY, Skinner JE, Bertin FR. Effect of Phenylbutazone Administration on Insulin Sensitivity in Horses With Insulin Dysregulation. J Vet Intern Med 2025 Mar-Apr;39(2):e70028.
- Pinnell EF, Hostnik LD, Watts MR, Timko KJ, Thriffiley AA, Stover MR, Koenig LE, Gorman OM, Toribio RE, Burns TA. Effect of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase agonists on insulin and glucose dynamics in experimentally induced insulin dysregulation in horses. J Vet Intern Med 2024 Jan-Feb;38(1):102-110.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
