Oral imipramine and intravenous xylazine for pharmacologically-induced ex copula ejaculation in stallions.
Abstract: This study is part of ongoing work toward developing pharmacological methods for enhancing and inducing ejaculation in stallions with ejaculatory dysfunction or disabilities that interfere with normal breeding behavior. The objective was to evaluate a treatment regimen involving oral imipramine followed by intravenous xylazine that, in uncontrolled field clinical trials, had shown promise for a higher rate of ejaculation and fewer side effects using a more easily obtained and administered form of imipramine. Eight stallions each underwent eight trials in which treatment consisted of imipramine hydrochloride (3mg/kg, orally in a small portion sweet feed) followed 2h later by xylazine hydrochloride (0.66 mg/kg, intravenously). Trials were conducted with the stallion in a stall. Semen was collected using a collection bag secured over the prepuce with a girth band. Overall, 44 of the 64 attempts (68%) resulted in ejaculation. Within-stallion ejaculation rate ranged from 3 of 8 to 7 of 8 attempts. Interval from xylazine treatment to ejaculation ranged from 1.2 to 14 min. As is typical for induced ejaculations in which imipramine is included in the treatment regimen, ejaculates were of low volume, high sperm concentration, and with a higher total number of sperm than for in copula ejaculates of these stallions. These results represent a modest improvement in rate of ejaculation over previous treatment regimens.
Publication Date: 2001-12-18 PubMed ID: 11744260DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4320(01)00152-xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research article investigates a pharmacological method for inducing ejaculation in stallions experiencing reproductive difficulties. The method utilizes a regimen of oral imipramine and intravenous xylazine, and the study aims to determine its efficiency and potential side effects.
Research Methodology
- The researchers examined the effectiveness of a solution involving oral intake of imipramine followed by intravenous injection of xylazine on eight stallions. The approach, which showed promise in uncontrolled clinical trials, was hoped to achieve higher ejaculation rate with minimal side effects.
- Each of the tested horses underwent eight rounds of the trial and were given imipramine hydrochloride (3mg/kg) orally through a small portion of sweet feed, followed by xylazine hydrochloride (0.66 mg/kg) administered intravenously two hours later.
- The trials were performed while the stallion was inside a stall. To collect the semen, a collection bag was secured over the prepuce with a girth band.
Research Findings
- Out of the 64 attempts, 44 led to ejaculation, marking a success rate of 68%. The individual ejaculation rate for each stallion in the study ranged from 3 out of 8 attempts to 7 out of 8 attempts.
- The waiting period from xylazine administration to ejaculation was found to be between 1.2 and 14 minutes.
- The ejaculates collected during the trials were typically of low volume but high sperm concentration, with a higher total number of sperm compared to in copula ejaculates of these stallions. This is in line with the usual output expected when imipramine is part of the treatment.
Conclusion
- Compared to previous treatments, this combination of oral imipramine and intravenous xylazine showed modestly improved results in pharmacologically-induced ejaculations in stallions.
- These findings suggest that this treatment regimen has the potential to enhance reproductive ability in stallions with ejaculation issues or physical challenges inhibiting usual breeding actions.
Cite This Article
APA
McDonnell SM.
(2001).
Oral imipramine and intravenous xylazine for pharmacologically-induced ex copula ejaculation in stallions.
Anim Reprod Sci, 68(3-4), 153-159.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4320(01)00152-x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Behavior Laboratory, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, PA 19348, USA. suemcd@vet.upenn.edu
MeSH Terms
- Administration, Oral
- Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / administration & dosage
- Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / pharmacology
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / administration & dosage
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / pharmacology
- Animals
- Ejaculation / drug effects
- Ejaculation / physiology
- Horses / physiology
- Imipramine / administration & dosage
- Imipramine / pharmacology
- Injections, Intravenous / veterinary
- Male
- Semen / drug effects
- Semen / physiology
- Sperm Count / veterinary
- Sperm Motility / drug effects
- Xylazine / administration & dosage
- Xylazine / pharmacology
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