Practical toxicologic diagnosis.

The research article provides an in-depth exploration of various aspects of toxicosis in animals. It details common symptoms associated with specific poisonings, such as those caused by strychnine, rodenticides, ethylene glycol, urea, and various poisonous plants, among others.

Types of Animal Poisoning

• The study breaks down varied types of toxicosis in the animal population, starting off with strychnine toxicosis which leads to tetanic seizures.
• Metaldehyde poisoning displays fine fasciculations graduating to generalized tremors and seizures.
• 1080 intoxication is exhibited through seizures, random running movements, and several uncommon symptoms such as vomiting, defecation, urination, acidosis, and hyperglycemia.
• Rodenticides cause coagulopathy which is characterized by internal hemorrhage.
• Anticholinesterase insecticides bring about salivation, urination, defecation, while chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides induce disturbances in the central nervous system.

Poisoning by Substances and Compounds

• The study discusses ethylene glycol intoxication which results in ataxia, depression, coma, vomiting, shortness of breath, and eventually leads to acute renal failure.
• Urea poisoning causes bloat and CNS signs in cattle, while Monensin intoxication in horses lasts several days and causes stiffness, colic, uneasiness, laying down, and refusal or inability to stand.
• Salt poisoning results in depression, seizures, and high sodium levels in the blood.

Poisoning by Heavy Metals

• The report further explores symptoms of Lead poisoning which include signs of central and peripheral nervous system disturbances, elevated number of nucleated Red Blood Cells (RBC) and distinctive basophilic stippling of RBCs.
• Arsenic poisoning causes gastrointestinal pain, diarrhea, weakness, and may result in death.
• Copper toxicosis specifically in sheep is manifested through hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinemia, and hemoglobinuria.

Poisoning by Plant Life

• The research also identifies a range of plants that may cause intoxication in animals which include sorghum, greasewood, halogeton, water hemlock, Japanese yew, larkspur, lupine, milk-weed, philodendron, oleander, castor bean, and precatory bean.