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Viruses2024; 16(8); 1204; doi: 10.3390/v16081204

Prevalence and Sequence Analysis of Equine Rhinitis Viruses among Horses in Poland.

Abstract: Equine rhinitis A (ERAV) and B (ERBV) viruses are respiratory pathogens with worldwide distribution. The current study aimed to determine the frequency of infection of ERAV and ERBV among horses and foals at Polish national studs, and to determine genetic variability within the viruses obtained. Virus-specific quantitative RT-PCR assays targeting a 5' untranslated region were used to screen nasal swabs collected from 621 horses at 16 national horse studs from throughout Poland, including 553 healthy horses and 68 horses with respiratory disease. A partial DNA polymerase gene was amplified and sequenced from the qRT-PCR-positive samples. The obtained sequences were analysed using phylogeny and genetic network analysis. None of the nasal swabs were positive for ERAV, whereas ERBV was found in 11/621 (1.78%) samples collected from 10 healthy horses and one foal affected by respiratory disease. Partial DNA polymerase gene sequence variability was correlated with individual horses and studs from which samples were collected when only Polish sequences were analysed, but there was no correlation between country of origin and ERBV sequence when Polish and international sequences were included in the network. The report presents the first detection of ERBV in Poland.
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Publication Date: 2024-07-26 PubMed ID: 39205178PubMed Central: PMC11359465DOI: 10.3390/v16081204Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The current research investigated the prevalence of Equine Rhinitis A (ERAV) and B (ERBV) viruses among horses in Poland by using virus-specific RT-PCR assays, analyzing the results, and sequencing the positive samples’ partial DNA polymerase gene. They found ERBV in 1.78% of the samples but none for ERAV. This marks the first detection of ERBV in Poland.

Objective of the Study

  • The main aim of this research was to determine the frequency of Equine Rhinitis A and B viruses among horses and foals in national studs across Poland.
  • The study also aimed to analyze the genetic variability in the viruses found via sequencing the partial DNA polymerase gene of qRT-PCR-positive samples.

Methodology

  • Nasal swabs were collected from 621 horses at 16 national horse studs located in various parts of Poland.
  • The sample included 553 healthy horses and 68 horses with reported respiratory diseases.
  • Virus-specific quantitative RT-PCR assays were used, targeting a 5′ untranslated region to screen these nasal swabs.
  • The positive samples from this screening were then used for amplification and sequencing of their partial DNA polymerase gene.

Findings and Analysis

  • No nasal swabs tested positive for ERAV.
  • However, ERBV was found in 11 out of the 621 samples. These included 10 healthy horses and one foal suffering from respiratory disease.
  • The sequences derived from the partial DNA polymerase gene demonstrated variability which was linked to individual horses and studs from where the samples were collected.

Conclusions

  • This study marks the first detection of ERBV in Poland, suggesting a low prevalence rate (1.78%) among horses.
  • While the gene sequence variability correlated with individual horses and studs based on their origin in Poland, no such correlation existed when Polish and international ERBV sequences were included in the network, indicating the local geographical link with the genetic variations.

Cite This Article

APA
Stasiak K, Dunowska M, Rola J. (2024). Prevalence and Sequence Analysis of Equine Rhinitis Viruses among Horses in Poland. Viruses, 16(8), 1204. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081204

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 16
Issue: 8
PII: 1204

Researcher Affiliations

Stasiak, Karol
  • Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
Dunowska, Magdalena
  • School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
Rola, Jerzy
  • Department of Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses / virology
  • Animals
  • Poland / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Picornaviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Picornaviridae Infections / virology
  • Picornaviridae Infections / epidemiology
  • Phylogeny
  • Prevalence
  • Genetic Variation
  • Erbovirus / genetics
  • Erbovirus / isolation & purification
  • Rhinovirus / genetics
  • Rhinovirus / isolation & purification
  • Rhinovirus / classification
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Matczuk AK, Wolska J, Olszowy M, Kublicka A, Szumowski A, Kokocińska-Alexandre A, Dzięcioł M, Łyczko J, Woszczyło M, Skwark MJ, Szumny A. Volatile Organic Compounds Induced upon Viral Infection in Cell Culture: Uniform Background Study with Use of Viruses from Different Families. Molecules 2025 Dec 3;30(23).
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