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Parasites & vectors2020; 13(1); 21; doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-3894-9

Prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in livestock in Palestine.

Abstract: Trypanosoma evansi is the causative agent of surra, a disease that occurs in many animal species. The disease is responsible for substantial losses in global production and can be fatal if not diagnosed early. This study aims to determine the prevalence of T. evansi in livestock, equids and dromedary camels in Palestine. Methods: Blood samples were collected during 2015-2017 from domesticated animals (n = 259 animals; 77% females and 23% males) including camels (n = 87), horses (n = 46), donkeys (n = 28), mules (n = 2), sheep (n = 49) and goats (n = 48) from eight districts: Ariha (Jericho), Nablus, Bethlehem, Deir Al Balah, Jenin, Rafah, Tubas, and Khan Yunis. Parasite prevalence was determined using PCR and blood smear microscopy. PCR-positive samples were further phylogenetically analyzed using DNA sequences of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene. Results: The overall infection prevalence was 18% (46/259). The positivity rates according to PCR and microscopy examination were 17% (45/259) and 2.7% (7/259), respectively. The infection rates were as follows: camels, 26/61 (30%); horses, 8/46 (17%); donkeys, 3/28 (11%); mules, 1/2 (50%); sheep, 2/42 (4%); and goats, 6/42 (13%). Phylogenetic analyses of the 18S rRNA gene showed that 24 positive T. evansi samples from Palestine formed a monophyletic cluster with seven T. evansi sequences from Africa, Asia and South America, and three T. brucei sequences from Africa retrieved from GenBank. The spatial analysis showed three statistically significant foci of T. evansi infection in Jenin, Tubas (P = 0.02) and Ariha (Jericho) (P = 0.04). No statistically significant foci were detected in the Gaza Strip. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first confirmation of high levels of infection with T. evansi as a causative agent of surra in Palestine. Our study emphasizes the need for a stringent surveillance system and risk assessment studies as prerequisites for control measures. Further investigations focusing on vectors and evaluation of risk factors are needed.
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Publication Date: 2020-01-13 PubMed ID: 31931864PubMed Central: PMC6958583DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3894-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the occurrence of Trypanosoma evansi, responsible for causing surra disease in animals, in livestock in Palestine. The findings show a high level of infection, marking this as the first significant recognition of this issue in the area.

Study Design

  • The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi, the pathogen causing surra disease, in various species of animals raised in Palestine.
  • Surra is a disease that threatens numerous animal species and can cause considerable loss in worldwide output.
  • The study utilized blood samples collected from 2015 to 2017 from various animals such as camels, horses, donkeys, mules, sheep, and goats, across eight districts in Palestine.
  • The research used both PCR and blood smear microscopy to determine the presence of the parasite in the samples. Further, the positive samples were subjected to a phylogenetic analysis using the DNA sequences of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene.

Results

  • The investigation revealed an overall infection prevalence of 18%.
  • The detection rates by PCR and microscopy examination stood at 17% and 2.7% respectively.
  • The infection rates varied among the animal species: 30% in camels, 17% in horses, 11% in donkeys, 50% in mules (though the number was significantly small compared to the other species), 4% in sheep, and 13% in goats.
  • Based on the phylogenetics of the 18S rRNA gene, it was observed that the positive T. evansi samples from Palestine formed a distinct cluster together with seven other T. evansi sequences from Africa, Asia, and South America, as well as three T. brucei sequences from Africa recovered from GenBank.
  • Spatial analysis showed three statistically significant foci of T. evansi infection in the regions of Jenin, Tubas, and Ariha (Jericho). The Gaza Strip region did not display any notable infection focus.

Conclusions and Recommendations

  • The study marks the first substantial validation of extensive infection by T. evansi resulting in surra disease in Palestine.
  • These findings call for the establishment of a stringent surveillance system and risk assessment studies as necessary prerequisites for implementing control measures.
  • Further research, particularly into understanding vectors and evaluating risk factors, is advised to manage the spread of this disease better.

Cite This Article

APA
Ereqat S, Nasereddin A, Al-Jawabreh A, Al-Jawabreh H, Al-Laham N, Abdeen Z. (2020). Prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in livestock in Palestine. Parasit Vectors, 13(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-3894-9

Publication

Parasites & vectors
ISSN: 1756-3305
NlmUniqueID: 101462774
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: 21

Researcher Affiliations

Ereqat, Suheir
  • Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine. sereqat@staff.alquds.edu.
Nasereddin, Abdelmajeed
  • Al-Quds Public Health Society, Jerusalem, Palestine.
Al-Jawabreh, Amer
  • Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine. amer.aljawabreh@aaup.edu.
  • Leishmaniases Research Unit, Jericho, Palestine. amer.aljawabreh@aaup.edu.
Al-Jawabreh, Hanan
  • Al-Quds Public Health Society, Jerusalem, Palestine.
  • Leishmaniases Research Unit, Jericho, Palestine.
Al-Laham, Nahed
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine.
Abdeen, Ziad
  • Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine.
  • Al-Quds Public Health Society, Jerusalem, Palestine.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Blood / parasitology
  • Camelus / parasitology
  • DNA, Protozoan / genetics
  • Equidae / parasitology
  • Female
  • Livestock / parasitology
  • Male
  • Middle East / epidemiology
  • Phylogeny
  • Prevalence
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / genetics
  • Sheep / parasitology
  • Staining and Labeling / methods
  • Trypanosoma / genetics
  • Trypanosoma / isolation & purification
  • Trypanosomiasis / epidemiology
  • Trypanosomiasis / veterinary

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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