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BMC veterinary research2014; 10; 125; doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-125

Rate of manual leukocyte differentials in dog, cat and horse blood samples using ADVIA 120 cytograms.

Abstract: Modern automated haematology instruments are capable of performing leukocyte differentials faster, cheaper and with a higher precision than the traditional 100-cell manual differential count. Thus, in human laboratories, criteria are defined for performing a manual review of the blood smear resulting in a marked reduction of manual differential counts. While common in human laboratories, this approach to reducing the number of manual differentials in veterinary laboratories is still not commonly performed. Thus, our aim was to determine the rate and causes of manual leukocyte differentials in a university clinical pathology laboratory using the automated laser-based haematology analyser ADVIA 120. Overall, 14,953 complete blood cell counts from dogs, cats and horses were reviewed. Manual leukocyte differentials were requested if abnormal ADVIA peroxidase and baso cytograms were detected (i.e. suspicion of left shift or atypical lymphocytes/blasts, inappropriate separation of cell populations). Results: In 21% of canine, 32% of feline and 20% of equine samples, a manual differential was requested. Indistinct separation of the cell population was present in 10% to 15% of the cases. Depending on the species, atypical lymphocytes were suspected in 2% to 12%, left shift in 13% to 25% and suspicion of blasts was present in less than 0.4% of the cases. Conclusions: The obtained results are comparable to those published for human medicine and the rate of manual differentiation could be markedly reduced in veterinary laboratories if microscopic examination was used as a validation procedure rather than as a reflexive substitute for automated differentiation.
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Publication Date: 2014-06-05 PubMed ID: 24903909PubMed Central: PMC4053280DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-125Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses how modern automated haematology instruments efficiently perform leukocyte differentials on animal blood samples, potentially minimizing the need for manual review. The research aims to determine the rate and reasons for manual leukocyte differentials in a veterinary clinical pathology laboratory.

Study Methodology and Process

  • The study utilized an automated laser-based haematology analyser known as ADVIA 120 to review complete blood cell counts (CBCs) from dogs, cats, and horses. The total number of samples reviewed was 14,953.
  • Manual leukocyte differentials were carried out on samples where abnormal ADVIA peroxidase and baso cytograms were detected. These occur when there is suspicion of a left shift, atypical lymphocytes/blasts or improper separation of cell populations.

Research Findings

  • Canine, feline, and equine samples required a manual differential in 21%, 32%, and 20% of the cases respectively.
  • There was an indistinct separation in the cell population in around 10% to 15% of the samples.
  • Depending on the species, suspicion of atypical lymphocytes was in the range of 2% to 12%, left shift suspicion in 13% to 25%, and suspicion for the presence of blasts was less than 0.4%.
  • The data gathered from this study were similar to those documented in human medicine literature.

Conclusions and Implications

  • The study suggests that there could be a significant reduction in manual differentiation if veterinary laboratories used microscopic examination only as a validation process, not a reflexive substitute for automated differentiation.
  • The implication is that employing automated haematology instruments for leukocyte differentials can result in cost and time efficiency in veterinary laboratories just as it has in human laboratories.

Cite This Article

APA
Stirn M, Moritz A, Bauer N. (2014). Rate of manual leukocyte differentials in dog, cat and horse blood samples using ADVIA 120 cytograms. BMC Vet Res, 10, 125. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-10-125

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 10
Pages: 125

Researcher Affiliations

Stirn, Martina
    Moritz, Andreas
      Bauer, Natali
      • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurterstr, 126, Giessen 35392, Germany. natali.bauer@vetmed.uni-giessen.de.

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Automation
      • Cats / blood
      • Dogs / blood
      • Horses / blood
      • Leukocyte Count / methods
      • Leukocyte Count / veterinary
      • Leukocytes / classification
      • Lymphocyte Subsets
      • Reproducibility of Results
      • Sensitivity and Specificity
      • Species Specificity

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      Citations

      This article has been cited 5 times.
      1. Oikonomidis IL, Milne E, Piccinelli C. Differential white blood cell counts in rabbits: a comparison of the Advia 2120 and a manual method. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021 Jul;33(4):670-676.
        doi: 10.1177/10406387211007877pubmed: 33834920google scholar: lookup
      2. Dondi F, Vasylyeva K, Serafini F, Gruarin M, Troìa R, Giunti M, Agnoli C. Heinz body-related interference with leukocyte and erythrocyte variables obtained by an automated hematology analyzer in cats. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019 Sep;31(5):704-713.
        doi: 10.1177/1040638719863088pubmed: 31291839google scholar: lookup
      3. Dulli RJ, Yore K, Hammond J, DeNicola DB, Nabity MB. Comparison of the IDEXX ProCyte One to the ProCyte Dx and ADVIA 120 in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin Pathol 2025 Dec;54(4):338-354.
        doi: 10.1111/vcp.70071pubmed: 41186159google scholar: lookup
      4. Hayes JM, Hayes MR, Friedrichs KR, Simmons HA. Development of criteria to optimize manual smear review of automated complete blood counts using a machine learning model. Vet Clin Pathol 2025 Dec;54 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S95-S104.
        doi: 10.1111/vcp.13400pubmed: 39638966google scholar: lookup
      5. Zelmer KC, Moritz A, Bauer N. Evaluation of canine and feline leukocyte differential counts obtained with the scil vCell 5 compared to the Advia 2120 hematology analyzer and a manual method. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023 Nov;35(6):679-697.
        doi: 10.1177/10406387231187899pubmed: 37612877google scholar: lookup
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