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Home / Equine Research Bank / Sci Adv / Repetitive mammalian dwarfing during ancient greenhouse warm...
Science advances2017; 3(3); e1601430; doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1601430

Repetitive mammalian dwarfing during ancient greenhouse warming events.

Abstract: Abrupt perturbations of the global carbon cycle during the early Eocene are associated with rapid global warming events, which are analogous in many ways to present greenhouse warming. Mammal dwarfing has been observed, along with other changes in community structure, during the largest of these ancient global warming events, known as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum [PETM; ~56 million years ago (Ma)]. We show that mammalian dwarfing accompanied the subsequent, smaller-magnitude warming event known as Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 [ETM2 (~53 Ma)]. Statistically significant decrease in body size during ETM2 is observed in two of four taxonomic groups analyzed in this study and is most clearly observed in early equids (horses). During ETM2, the best-sampled lineage of equids decreased in size by ~14%, as opposed to ~30% during the PETM. Thus, dwarfing appears to be a common evolutionary response of some mammals during past global warming events, and the extent of dwarfing seems related to the magnitude of the event.
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Publication Date: 2017-03-15 PubMed ID: 28345031PubMed Central: PMC5351980DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601430Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates how past periods of rapid global warming, similar to the one we are currently experiencing, may have caused certain mammal species to become smaller in size. The researchers found evidence of this “dwarfing” in two ancient warming events, with the extent of the dwarfing possibly linked to the severity of the warming.

Research Background

  • The study explores global warming periods in the early Eocene epoch (~56 to ~34 million years ago), specifically focusing on two events: the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2).
  • Previous findings suggest that during these periods, some mammal species experienced “dwarfing,” a reduction in size, in response to elevated global temperatures.

Research Methodology

  • The researchers studied first the abrupt alteration of the global carbon cycle coupled with the dwarfing observed during the largest of these ancient global warming events, the PETM.
  • They then extended their analysis to include the smaller-magnitude global warming event known as the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2).
  • The study considered four different taxonomic groups, but clear evidence of dwarfing during ETM2 was visible in two of the groups, particularly in early horse species.

Research Findings

  • The body size of the most thoroughly investigated lineage of early horses, or equids, reduced by approximately 14% during ETM2 compared to a reduction of around 30% during the PETM.
  • The dwarfing phenomenon seems to be a common evolutionary reaction among some mammals during periods of ancient global warming.
  • Interestingly, the degree of dwarfing appears to correlate with the intensity of the warming event, with larger decreases in size witnessed during more severe warming periods, as seen in the comparison of the PETM and ETM2 events.

Implication of the Findings

  • This research brings to light the significant impact of global warming on the evolution and adaptation of mammalian species.
  • The dwarfing response observed in these species may be seen as an adaptive survival mechanism to cope with extreme environmental conditions.
  • Understanding these historical evolutionary responses to global warming could provide crucial insights into predicting the biological impacts of current and future climate changes.

Cite This Article

APA
D'Ambrosia AR, Clyde WC, Fricke HC, Gingerich PD, Abels HA. (2017). Repetitive mammalian dwarfing during ancient greenhouse warming events. Sci Adv, 3(3), e1601430. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601430

Publication

Science advances
ISSN: 2375-2548
NlmUniqueID: 101653440
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 3
Issue: 3
Pages: e1601430
PII: e1601430

Researcher Affiliations

D'Ambrosia, Abigail R
  • Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
Clyde, William C
  • Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
Fricke, Henry C
  • Department of Geology, Colorado College, 14 East Cache La Poudre Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA.
Gingerich, Philip D
  • Museum of Paleontology and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Abels, Hemmo A
  • Department of Geosciences and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, Netherlands.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Biological Evolution
  • Body Size
  • Fossils
  • Greenhouse Effect
  • Horses / anatomy & histology
  • Horses / physiology

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