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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Immunol Immunopathol / Replication of West Nile virus in equine peripheral blood mo...
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology2005; 110(3-4); 229-244; doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.10.003

Replication of West Nile virus in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Abstract: A cell model of primary monocytes and other mononuclear cells isolated from equine blood was used to study the kinetics of West Nile virus (WNV) replication in a natural host. West Nile virus has emerged on the North American continent as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in a wide range of avian and mammalian species. While other flaviviruses are known to infect monocytes and lymphocytes, the ability of WNV to productively replicate in specific immune cells of peripheral blood has not been assessed. In this study, enriched populations of monocytes and lymphocytes as well as purified monocytes, CD4+, CD8+ and B lymphocytes were obtained from equine blood. Productive WNV replication was demonstrated by viral growth curves, quantitative RT-PCR for WNV RNA, and indirect immunofluorescence detection of a non-structural WNV protein. Enriched and purified monocytes consistently supported productive viral replication in blood from nine of nine horses tested while a minor subset of CD4+ lymphocytes supported productive replication in cells from three of the nine horses tested. Peak viral titers of 3.2-6.6 log10 PFU/ml were reached at 6 days post-inoculation (p.i.) and titers were maintained through 10-15 days p.i. Activation of monocytes with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, which resulted in activation of nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) plus elevation of nitric oxide and type I interferon levels, reduced or eliminated WNV replication. These results suggest that immune cells of the peripheral blood may serve as target cells for initial replication of WNV and may play a role in subsequent viral dissemination. Furthermore, primary equine immune cell cultures represent a potentially useful model of a natural WNV host when testing compounds such as antivirals for use in WNV treatment.
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Publication Date: 2005-11-28 PubMed ID: 16310859DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.10.003Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study explores how the West Nile virus (WNV) replicates in equine blood cells and its potential impact on the immune system. The findings suggest potential for developing new anti-viral treatments.

Research Purpose and Methods

  • This research aimed to understand better the behavior of the West Nile virus (WNV) within a natural host, focusing on the virus’s replication kinetics within mononuclear cells isolated from equine blood. The reason for WNV being the case of study is its significant impact as a cause of sickness and mortality across various bird and mammal species in North America.
  • While it was previously known that other related viruses could infect monocytes and lymphocytes, WNV’s ability to reproduce within specific peripheral blood immune cells had not been assessed; the study aimed to fill this gap in knowledge.
  • The researchers obtained enriched populations of monocytes and lymphocytes, as well as purified monocytes, CD4+, CD8+ and B lymphocytes from equine blood. The WNV replication was demonstrated through viral growth curves, quantitative RT-PCR for WNV RNA, and indirect immunofluorescence detection of a non-structural WNV protein.

Research Findings

  • It was found that enriched and purified monocytes consistently supported productive viral replication in the blood from all nine horses tested.
  • Additionally, a minor subset of CD4+ lymphocytes supported productive replication in cells from three of the nine horses tested.
  • Peak viral titers were reached at six days post-inoculation, and they were maintained for an additional 10-15 days.
  • Activating monocytes with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, resulting in the activation of the nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), and increasing nitric oxide and type I interferon levels, reduced or eliminated WNV replication.

Implications and Conclusions

  • The findings indicate that the immune cells of the peripheral blood may serve as initial target cells for WNV replication, potentially playing a role in subsequent viral dissemination.
  • The understanding of how the West Nile virus operates within equine blood cells could provide insight into ways to reduce or eliminate the viral proliferation within its host.
  • Furthermore, this study demonstrates how primary equine immune cell cultures could be a useful model when testing antiviral compounds for potential use in WNV treatment.

Cite This Article

APA
Garcia-Tapia D, Loiacono CM, Kleiboeker SB. (2005). Replication of West Nile virus in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 110(3-4), 229-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.10.003

Publication

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
ISSN: 0165-2427
NlmUniqueID: 8002006
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 110
Issue: 3-4
Pages: 229-244

Researcher Affiliations

Garcia-Tapia, David
  • Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Loiacono, Christie M
    Kleiboeker, Steven B

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Antigens, CD / metabolism
      • Cell Adhesion
      • Horses / virology
      • Interferon Type I / metabolism
      • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / metabolism
      • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / virology
      • Lipopolysaccharides
      • NF-kappa B / metabolism
      • Neutralization Tests
      • Nitric Oxide / metabolism
      • Virus Replication
      • West Nile virus / physiology

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