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BMC biology2021; 19(1); 13; doi: 10.1186/s12915-020-00947-5

Single-cell resolution landscape of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals diverse cell types including T-bet+ B cells.

Abstract: Traditional laboratory model organisms represent a small fraction of the diversity of multicellular life, and findings in any given experimental model often do not translate to other species. Immunology research in non-traditional model organisms can be advantageous or even necessary, such as when studying host-pathogen interactions. However, such research presents multiple challenges, many stemming from an incomplete understanding of potentially species-specific immune cell types, frequencies, and phenotypes. Identifying and characterizing immune cells in such organisms is frequently limited by the availability of species-reactive immunophenotyping reagents for flow cytometry, and insufficient prior knowledge of cell type-defining markers. Here, we demonstrate the utility of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to characterize immune cells for which traditional experimental tools are limited. Specifically, we used scRNA-Seq to comprehensively define the cellular diversity of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy horses across different breeds, ages, and sexes. We identified 30 cell type clusters partitioned into five major populations: monocytes/dendritic cells, B cells, CD3PRF1 lymphocytes, CD3PRF1 lymphocytes, and basophils. Comparative analyses revealed many cell populations analogous to human PBMC, including transcriptionally heterogeneous monocytes and distinct dendritic cell subsets (cDC1, cDC2, plasmacytoid DC). Remarkably, we found that a majority of the equine peripheral B cell compartment is comprised of T-bet B cells, an immune cell subpopulation typically associated with chronic infection and inflammation in human and mouse. Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential of scRNA-Seq for cellular analyses in non-traditional model organisms and form the basis for an immune cell atlas of horse peripheral blood.
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Publication Date: 2021-01-22 PubMed ID: 33482825PubMed Central: PMC7820527DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00947-5Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • N.I.H.
  • Extramural
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research presents a deep study of the diversity of immune cells in the blood of healthy horses, using a method known as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq). A significant find was a high proportion of T-bet B cells, usually associated with chronic infection and inflammation in humans and mice.

Background

  • The research provides context that traditional laboratory model organisms only reflect a small part of multicellular life diversity. Hence, results from experiments on one model organism often do not translate to other species.
  • Immunology research in non-traditional model organisms can offer great benefits, particularly when studying host-pathogen interactions.
  • However, there are also numerous challenges therein, primarily stemming from an incomplete understanding of possibly species-specific immune cell types, frequencies, and phenotypes.
  • Identifying and characterizing immune cells in such organisms are often hampered by the limited availability of species-reactive immunophenotyping reagents for flow cytometry and inadequate prior knowledge of cell type-defining markers.

Methodology

  • In this study, researchers use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq), a next generation sequencing method, to accurately characterize immune cells where traditional experimental tools fall short.
  • Specifically, they utilized scRNA-Seq to define the cellular diversity of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy horses across a variety of breeds, ages, and sexes.

Results

  • The researchers identified 30 cell type clusters that were organized into five major populations: monocytes/dendritic cells, B cells, CD3PRF1 lymphocytes, CD3PRF1 lymphocytes, and basophils.
  • Comparative analyses revealed many cell populations similar to human PBMC, including transcriptionally heterogeneous monocytes and distinct subsets of dendritic cells (cDC1, cDC2, plasmacytoid DC).
  • The most striking find was that the majority of the equine peripheral B cell compartment contains T-bet B cells. This subpopulation of immune cells is typically connected with chronic infection and inflammation in humans and mice.

Conclusion

  • The results of this study offer a demonstration of the potential usefulness of scRNA-Seq for cellular analyses in non-traditional model organisms.
  • The findings also lay the foundation for creating an immune cell atlas of horse peripheral blood, which could open the doors for more in-depth and varied immunology studies in equine and other non-traditional organisms.

Cite This Article

APA
Patel RS, Tomlinson JE, Divers TJ, Van de Walle GR, Rosenberg BR. (2021). Single-cell resolution landscape of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals diverse cell types including T-bet+ B cells. BMC Biol, 19(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-020-00947-5

Publication

BMC biology
ISSN: 1741-7007
NlmUniqueID: 101190720
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Pages: 13
PII: 13

Researcher Affiliations

Patel, Roosheel S
  • Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
Tomlinson, Joy E
  • Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
Divers, Thomas J
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
Van de Walle, Gerlinde R
  • Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
Rosenberg, Brad R
  • Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. brad.rosenberg@mssm.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • B-Lymphocytes / classification
  • Horses / blood
  • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / classification
  • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / metabolism
  • Sequence Analysis, RNA / veterinary
  • Single-Cell Analysis / veterinary

Grant Funding

  • K08 AI141767 / NIAID NIH HHS
  • S10 OD026880 / NIH HHS
  • K08AI141767 / National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
  • 2016-67015-24765 / USDA National institute of Food and Agriculture
  • S10 OD018522 / NIH HHS
  • S10 OD026880 / NIH HHS

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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