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Home / Equine Research Bank / Nat Rev Chem / The chemistry of snake venom and its medicinal potential.
Nature reviews. Chemistry2022; 6(7); 451-469; doi: 10.1038/s41570-022-00393-7

The chemistry of snake venom and its medicinal potential.

Abstract: The fascination and fear of snakes dates back to time immemorial, with the first scientific treatise on snakebite envenoming, the Brooklyn Medical Papyrus, dating from ancient Egypt. Owing to their lethality, snakes have often been associated with images of perfidy, treachery and death. However, snakes did not always have such negative connotations. The curative capacity of venom has been known since antiquity, also making the snake a symbol of pharmacy and medicine. Today, there is renewed interest in pursuing snake-venom-based therapies. This Review focuses on the chemistry of snake venom and the potential for venom to be exploited for medicinal purposes in the development of drugs. The mixture of toxins that constitute snake venom is examined, focusing on the molecular structure, chemical reactivity and target recognition of the most bioactive toxins, from which bioactive drugs might be developed. The design and working mechanisms of snake-venom-derived drugs are illustrated, and the strategies by which toxins are transformed into therapeutics are analysed. Finally, the challenges in realizing the immense curative potential of snake venom are discussed, and chemical strategies by which a plethora of new drugs could be derived from snake venom are proposed.
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Publication Date: 2022-06-10 PubMed ID: 37117308PubMed Central: 7290223DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00393-7Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article is about the chemistry of snake venom and its potential use in the development of medicinal drugs.

Understanding Snake Venom Chemistry

In the research, the fascination and fear surrounding snakes is traced back to ancient times, showing the longstanding interest in these creatures and their venom. The focus of the review is the chemistry of snake venom. The venom is a mixture of toxins and this study focuses on these individual toxins regarding:

  • Their molecular structure which determines their chemical properties and thus, their interactions with other substances.
  • Their chemical reactivity, which essentially is how readily they participate in chemical reactions. This is important for understanding how the venom-related toxins can interact with the human body and potentially be useful for medicinal purposes.
  • The target recognition of these toxins, which reveals how these toxins can specifically interact with certain cells or tissues in the body, potentially altering the course of diseases or disorders.

Snake Venom as a Basis for Drug Development

Moving on, the article discusses different drugs that have been developed based on the properties of snake venom. Notably, it illustrates the design process and working mechanisms of these snake-venom-derived drugs. Additionally, the strategies involved in transforming these toxins into useful therapeutics are analyzed. This includes understanding how to neutralize the potentially harmful effects of the toxins while retaining their therapeutic properties.

Challenges and Future Prospects

Nonetheless, the review also highlights the challenges involved in exploiting snake venom for medicinal purposes. These challenges might arise from the complexity of the toxins, the difficulty in procuring the venom, or the challenge in standardizing doses, among others. Despite these challenges, the review emphasizes the immense potential of snake venom in the production of new drugs. This comes with a proposed chemical strategy that could springboard the discovery of a plethora of new drugs, derived from snake venom in the future.

Cite This Article

APA
Oliveira AL, Viegas MF, da Silva SL, Soares AM, Ramos MJ, Fernandes PA. (2022). The chemistry of snake venom and its medicinal potential. Nat Rev Chem, 6(7), 451-469. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-022-00393-7

Publication

Nature reviews. Chemistry
ISSN: 2397-3358
NlmUniqueID: 101703631
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 6
Issue: 7
Pages: 451-469

Researcher Affiliations

Oliveira, Ana L
  • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
  • LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Viegas, Matilde F
  • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
  • LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
da Silva, Saulo L
  • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
  • LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Soares, Andreimar M
  • Biotechnology Laboratory for Proteins and Bioactive Compounds from the Western Amazon, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, National Institute of Epidemiology in the Western Amazon (INCT-EpiAmO), Porto Velho, Brazil.
  • Sao Lucas Universitary Center (UniSL), Porto Velho, Brazil.
Ramos, Maria J
  • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
  • LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Fernandes, Pedro A
  • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. pafernan@fc.up.pt.
  • LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. pafernan@fc.up.pt.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Snake Venoms / chemistry
  • Snakes
  • Snake Bites / drug therapy
  • Toxins, Biological / therapeutic use
  • Medicine

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