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Home / Equine Research Bank / Antioxidants (Basel) / The Effect of Physical Training on Peripheral Blood Mononucl...
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2020; 9(11); 1155; doi: 10.3390/antiox9111155

The Effect of Physical Training on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Ex Vivo Proliferation, Differentiation, Activity, and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Racehorses.

Abstract: Physical activity has an influence on a variety of processes in an athlete's organism including the immune system. Unfortunately, there is a lack of studies regarding racehorse immune cells, especially when the horse model is compared to human exercise physiology. The aim of the study was to determine changes in immune cell proliferation, lymphocyte populations, and monocyte functionality in trained and untrained racehorses after exercise. In this study, field data were collected. The cells from 28 racehorses (14 untrained and 14 well-trained) were collected before and after exercise (800 m at a speed of about 800 m/min) and cultured for 4 days. The expression of CD4, CD8, FoxP, CD14, MHCII, and CD5 in PBMC, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as cell proliferation, were evaluated by flow cytometry. In addition, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, INF-γ, and TNF-α concentrations were evaluated by ELISA. The creation of an anti-inflammatory environment in well-trained horses was confirmed. In contrast, a pro-inflammatory reaction occurred in untrained horses after training. In conclusion, an anti-inflammatory state occurs in well-trained racehorses, which is an adaptational reaction to an increased workload during training.
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Publication Date: 2020-11-20 PubMed ID: 33233549PubMed Central: PMC7699811DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111155Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper studies how physical training impacts the immune cells and physiological responses of racehorses. The study found that well-trained horses experience an anti-inflammatory reaction with increased workload during training while untrained horses exhibit a pro-inflammatory response post-training.

Methodology

  • The researchers conducted this study with 28 racehorses: 14 of them were well-trained while the other 14 were untrained.
  • These horses performed exercises by running 800 meters at a speed of approximately 800 meters/minute.
  • The researchers then collected the horses’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and after the exercise. These cells were cultured for 4 days.

Cytometry and ELISA Analysis

  • The researchers used flow cytometry to evaluate the cell proliferation and the expression of CD4, CD8, FoxP, CD14, MHCII, and CD5 in the PBMC. They also assessed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  • Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to assess the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, interferon (INF)- γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.

Findings

  • Well-trained racehorses displayed an anti-inflammatory environment, whereas untrained horses showed a pro-inflammatory reaction after training.
  • This study suggests that an increased workload during training triggers an adaptive anti-inflammatory response in physically trained racehorses.

Conclusion

  • The findings suggest a clear connection between the training level of the racehorses and their immune and physiological responses to exercise. More specifically, regularly trained racehorses exhibit beneficial, anti-inflammatory reactions to increased physical exertion, whereas untrained horses conversely show pro-inflammatory responses.
  • This indicates that physical training can modulate immune responses and can potentially improve the performance and health of racehorses.

Cite This Article

APA
Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Pingwara R, Winnicka A. (2020). The Effect of Physical Training on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Ex Vivo Proliferation, Differentiation, Activity, and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Racehorses. Antioxidants (Basel), 9(11), 1155. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111155

Publication

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-3921
NlmUniqueID: 101668981
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 11
PII: 1155

Researcher Affiliations

Witkowska-Piłaszewicz, Olga
  • Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Pingwara, Rafał
  • Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Winnicka, Anna
  • Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.

Grant Funding

  • 2017/25/N/NZ6/02750 / Narodowym Centrum Nauki

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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