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Gene2022; 843; 146808; doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146808

Trajectory of livestock genomics in South Asia: A comprehensive review.

Abstract: Livestock plays a central role in sustaining human livelihood in South Asia. There are numerous and distinct livestock species in South Asian countries. Several of them have experienced genetic development in recent years due to the application of genomic technologies and effective breeding programs. This review discusses genomic studies on cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, horse, camel, yak, mithun, and poultry. The frontiers covered in this review are genetic diversity, admixture studies, selection signature research, QTL discovery, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and genomic selection. The review concludes with recommendations for South Asian livestock systems to increasingly leverage genomic technologies, based on the lessons learned from the numerous case studies. This paper aims to present a comprehensive analysis of the dichotomy in the South Asian livestock sector and argues that a realistic approach to genomics in livestock can ensure long-term genetic advancements.
Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2022-08-13 PubMed ID: 35973570DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146808Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The article reviews the advancements in the field of livestock genomics in South Asian countries and suggests ways to apply these advancements to positively impact local livelihoods.

Overview

In the research, distinct livestock species in South Asian regions are highlighted, including cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, camels, yaks, mithuns, and poultry. The researchers discuss the various techniques and concepts being used in genomics such as genetic diversity, admixture studies, selection signature research, quantitative trait loci (QTL) discovery, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and genomic selection. Throughout this review, it becomes clear how genetic development has been made significant in the past few years.

The Use of Genomic Technologies

  • The study includes the application of genomic technologies and breeding programs in shaping genetic development. Seeing a rise in technological advancement, systematic breeding programs and genomics have become increasingly popular.
  • Genomic technologies are essential in understanding the genetic composition of livestock species. They play a key role in helping us identify genetic traits that make animals more resilient to diseases or adapt to certain environments.
  • The genomic selection process has now been revolutionized by advancements in molecular genetics. Using these technologies, the breeding value of an animal can now be predicted more accurately at an early stage of its life.

Advantages of Genomic Studies

  • With many benefits, this technology identifies specific genes that can enhance productivity and resilience to diseases in animals.
  • This can also help in preserving the native breeds of animals, by identifying specific traits that can be enhanced, leading to better yield and resistance to diseases.
  • Genomic selection has the potential to accelerate genetic improvement by reducing the generation interval and increasing selection accuracy.

Findings and Recommendations

  • The article concludes with suggestions to use genomic technologies in South Asian livestock systems. Based on the case studies presented, the author insists that the increased use of these advanced technologies can bring positive changes in the South Asian livestock sector.
  • The experts assert that a practical approach to genomics can lead to long-term genetic developments while keeping cultural and regional influences on livestock breed choices in mind.

Cite This Article

APA
Panigrahi M, Kumar H, Saravanan KA, Rajawat D, Sonejita Nayak S, Ghildiyal K, Kaisa K, Parida S, Bhushan B, Dutt T. (2022). Trajectory of livestock genomics in South Asia: A comprehensive review. Gene, 843, 146808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2022.146808

Publication

Gene
ISSN: 1879-0038
NlmUniqueID: 7706761
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 843
Pages: 146808
PII: S0378-1119(22)00627-8

Researcher Affiliations

Panigrahi, Manjit
  • Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India. Electronic address: manjit.panigrahi@icar.gov.in.
Kumar, Harshit
  • Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
Saravanan, K A
  • Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
Rajawat, Divya
  • Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
Sonejita Nayak, Sonali
  • Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
Ghildiyal, Kanika
  • Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
Kaisa, Kaiho
  • Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
Parida, Subhashree
  • Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
Bhushan, Bharat
  • Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
Dutt, Triveni
  • Livestock Production and Management Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Asia
  • Cattle / genetics
  • Genome
  • Genome-Wide Association Study
  • Genomics
  • Goats / genetics
  • Horses / genetics
  • Humans
  • Livestock / genetics
  • Sheep / genetics
  • Swine

Conflict of Interest Statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Citations

This article has been cited 19 times.
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