[Ultrasonographic findings of the stomach in warmblood horses at different filling states].
Abstract: The aim of the study was to clarify to what extent the sonographic representation of the stomach changes depending on its filling state. Methods: In a prospective controlled study, warmblood horses presented for gastroscopy were assessed sonographically. The examinations took place when the horses were fed normally (measurement 1), after 12 hours of food deprivation (measurement 2), after insufflation of air during gastroscopy (measurement 3) and after removal of air from the stomach at the end of the gastroscopy (measurement 4). The following objective parameters were recorded: Number of intercostal spaces (craniocaudal extension) and determination in which intercostal spaces the stomach could be visualized sonographically, maximum dorsal extension of the stomach, distance between skin and stomach wall. Results: The median number of intercostal spaces in which the stomach could be visualized sonographically was 7.5 (IQR 3.75), 1.0 (IQR 1.0), 7.0 (IQR 2.0) and 2.0 (IQR 1.0) for measurements 1, 2, 3 (n=32) and 4 (n=15), respectively. The differences were significant between measurements 1 and 2 and between measurements 2 and 3. There was no significant difference between measurements 1 and 3. After 12 hours of food deprivation, the stomach size measured by the number of intercostal spaces visualizing the stomach was reduced by 75%. The maximum dorsal expansion of the stomach for measurements 1, 2, 3 (n=32) and 4 (n=15) was a median of 38 cm (IQR 15.25), 13 cm (IQR 6.75), 43 cm (IQR 7.00) and 21 cm (IQR 8.00), respectively. The differences were significant between measurements 1 and 2 and between 2 and 3. Concerning the distance between skin and stomach wall, the following medians were determined for measurements 1, 2, 3 (n=32) and 4 (n=15): 5.8 cm (IQR 2.27), 4.05 cm (IQR 3.05), 4.8 cm (IQR 1.48) and 5.9 cm (IQR 2.90). The only statistically significant difference was observed between measurements 1 and 3. Conclusions: The sonographic appearance of the stomach changes according to the state of filling. Parameters that are readily determined sonographically are the craniocaudal and maximum dorsal extension as well as the distance between the skin and the stomach wall. Unassigned: Ziel der Studie war zu klären, inwieweit sich die sonografische Darstellung des Magens in Abhängigkeit vom Füllungszustand ändert. Methods: In einer prospektiven kontrollierten Studie wurden Warmblutpferde, die zur Gastroskopie vorgestellt wurden, sonografisch beurteilt. Die Untersuchungen fanden im gefütterten Zustand (Messung 1), nach 12 Stunden Nahrungsentzug (Messung 2), nach Luftinsufflation während der Gastroskopie (Messung 3) und nach dem Absaugen der Luft aus dem Magen zum Ende der gastroskopischen Untersuchung (Messung 4) statt. Folgende objektive Parameter wurden erfasst: Anzahl der Interkostalräume (kraniokaudale Ausdehnung) und Ermittlung, in welchen Interkostalräumen der Magen sonografisch darstellbar war, maximale dorsale Ausdehnung des Magens, sonografischer Abstand zwischen Hautoberfläche und Magenwand. Unassigned: Die Anzahl der Interkostalräume, in denen der Magen sonografisch darstellbar war, betrug für die Messungen 1, 2, 3 (n=32) und 4 (n=15) im Median 7,5 (IQR 3,75), 1,0 (IQR 1,0), 7,0 (IQR 2,0) und 2,0 (IQR 1,0). Die Unterschiede waren zwischen den Messungen 1 und 2 sowie zwischen den Messungen 2 und 3 signifikant. Zwischen den Messungen 1 und 3 bestand kein signifikanter Unterschied. Nach 12-stündigem Nahrungsentzug reduzierte sich die Magengröße gemessen an der Anzahl der Interkostalräume um 75 %. Die maximale dorsale Ausdehnung des Magens betrug für die Messungen 1, 2, 3 (n=32) und 4 (n=15) im Median 38 cm (IQR 15,25), 13 cm (IQR 6,75), 43 cm (IQR 7,00) und 21 cm (IQR 8,00). Die Unterschiede waren zwischen den Messungen 1 und 2 sowie 2 und 3 signifikant. Für den Abstand zwischen Haut und Magenwand wurden für die Messungen 1, 2, 3 (n=32) und 4 (n=15) folgende Mediane ermittelt: 5,8 cm (IQR 2,27), 4,05 cm (IQR 3,05), 4,8 cm (IQR 1,48) und 5,9 cm (IQR 2,90). Hier bestand lediglich zwischen den Messungen 1 und 3 ein signifikanter Unterschied. Unassigned: Das sonografische Erscheinungsbild des Magens verändert sich entsprechend des Füllungszustandes. Leicht zu bestimmende Parameter sind die kraniokaudale und maximale dorsale Ausdehnung sowie der Abstand zwischen Haut und Magenwand.
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Publication Date: 2023-11-13 PubMed ID: 37956672DOI: 10.1055/a-2177-9036Google Scholar: Lookup
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- English Abstract
- Journal Article
Summary
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The study aimed to analyze how the ultrasound depiction of a horse’s stomach is altered based on its fullness. It was observed that parameters like the extension from head to tail, maximum dorsal extension, and the distance from skin to stomach wall could be readily measured using ultrasound, and they varied depending on whether the horse had been fed, was fasted, or was examined before and after air insufflation during gastroscopy.
Methodology
- The research was a prospective controlled study involving warmblood horses that were presented for gastroscopy.
- Four measurements were conducted at different feeding states: normal eating, 12-hour fasting, post air insufflation during gastroscopy, and post air removal from the stomach after the gastroscopy.
- Three key parameters were measured: the number of intercostal spaces (which indicates the craniocaudal extension, or length of the stomach from head to tail), the maximum dorsal extension (uppermost extent) of the stomach, and the sonographic distance between the skin surface and the stomach wall.
Key Findings
- It was found that the number of intercostal spaces in which the stomach could be visualized decreased significantly after a 12-hour fasting period and then increased after air insufflation.
- Similarly, the maximum dorsal expansion of the stomach reduced after the fasting period and then increased after air insufflation.
- The distance between the skin and stomach wall differed minimally across varying states of fullness.
- Notably, the stomach size (measured by the number of intercostal spaces) was observed to reduce by 75% after 12 hours of food deprivation.
Conclusions
- The ultrasound view of a horse’s stomach changes significantly based on its state of fullness.
- Craniocaudal and maximum dorsal extensions along with the distance between the skin and the stomach wall become key parameters that can be measured with sonography to estimate the fullness of the stomach.
Cite This Article
APA
Daniel J, Arnold C, Winter K, Scharner D.
(2023).
[Ultrasonographic findings of the stomach in warmblood horses at different filling states].
Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere, 51(5), 296-304.
https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2177-9036 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Klinik für Pferde, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig.
- Klinik für Pferde, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig.
- Institut für Anatomie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig.
- Klinik für Pferde, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horses
- Prospective Studies
- Stomach / diagnostic imaging
- Abdomen / diagnostic imaging
- Ultrasonography / veterinary
Conflict of Interest Statement
Die Autoren bestätigen, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
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